Week 6 - Psychosocial Theories Flashcards
Object relations
An individual’s symbolized relations to other persons (such as parents).
Effectance motivation (Ego Psychology)
the motive to have an effect or an impact on your surroundings.
competence motivation (Ego Psychology)
the motive to be effective in dealing with the environment.
Ego control (Ego Psychology)
Learning to restrain impulses
Ego resiliency (Ego Psychology)
knowing when to restrain yourself and when to behave more freely.
Two broad themes of object relations theories
Emphasize that a person’s pattern of relating to others is laid down in early childhood
They assume that these patterns tend to recur over and over throughout life.
Symbiosis (Mahler)
A period in which an infant experiences fusion with the mother.
Separation–individuation (Mahler)
The process of acquiring a distinct identity; separating from fusion with the mother.
Seperation anxiety (Mahler)
What occurs when the mother is too forceful with nudges towards individuation
Self psychology (Kohut)
Kohut’s theory that relationships create the structure of the self.
Narcissism (Self-Psychology)
A sense of grandiose self-importance and entitlement.
Selfobject (Self-Psychology)
The mental representation of another person who functions to satisfy your needs.
Mirroring (Self-Psychology)
The giving of positive attention and supportiveness to someone.
Transference (Self-Psychology)
The displacement onto other selfobjects of feelings that are tied to an object (parent)
Three defining features of attachment and three functions of attachment.
Strange situation
A procedure used to assess the attachment pattern of the infant to the mother.
Of special relevance are two times when the mother returns after the infant has been left alone with the stranger. Raters observe the infant throughout, paying special attention to its responses to the mother’s return.
Strange situation
A procedure used to assess the attachment pattern of the infant to the mother.
r. Of special relevance are two times when the mother returns after the infant has been left alone with the stranger. Raters observe the infant throughout, paying special attention to its responses to the mother’s return.
Can I count on my attachment figure to be available and responsive when needed? The possible answers—”yes,” “no,” and “maybe”—correspond to…
the secure, avoidant, and ambivalent patterns.
Positive-versus-negative model of self (self is lovable or not) and positive-versus-negative model of others (others are trustworthy or not) - known as
Anxiety and Avoidance
2 ways of measuring adult attachment (2 dimension model)
Adult Attachment Interview - This interview asks people to talk about their early experiences with caregivers.
Asks people to respond to a series of statements expressing opinions about their current close relationships
2 dimension model (table) of attachment - what are the categories?
In color are shown the names of the comparable patterns from the three-category model.
Child adversity has been linked to
higher neuroticism, lower agreeableness, higher anger/aggression, and more focus on material rewards in life.
At more extreme levels, early adversity predicts vulnerability to depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and alcohol and substance abuse, and personality disorders
Life-span development
The idea that developmental processes continue throughout life.
Life-span development
- The idea that developmental processes continue throughout life.
Ego identity
The overall sense of self that emerges from your transactions with social reality.
Psychosocial crisis (or conflict)
A turning point in a developmental period when some interpersonal issue is being dealt with and growth potential and vulnerability are both high.
Terms that describe positive orientation to (Erikson’s) conflict
Ego quality, ego strength, virtue
Ego quality (ego strength or virtue)
The quality that becomes part of your personality through successful management of a crisis.
Childhood crisis (what is it) management leads to…
Toilet training
Will: a determination to exercise free choice
Preschool crisis (what is it) management leads to…
initiative vs guilt
Purpose: the courage to pursue valued goals without fear of punishment.
School age crisis (what is it) management leads to…
Industrious vs Inferior
Competence
Adolescence crisis (what is it) management leads to…
identity vs role confusion
Consolidated identity
Young adulthood crisis (what is it) management leads to…
intimacy versus isolation
Adulthood crisis (what is it) management leads to…
generativity versus stagnation
Ego quality with management: care
Old Age crisis (what is it) management leads to…
Ego integrity vs despair
Wisdom
