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ANPR 555 - Sames - math and physics > week 8 radiation part 2 etc > Flashcards

week 8 radiation part 2 etc Flashcards

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0
Q

Alpha radiation is a heavy, very short-range particle that is actually a __. It CANNOT penetrate skin or clothing, but is harmful if you inhale, ingest, or absorb it through open wounds. Some examples of alpha emitters are __

A

ejected helium nucleus

radium, radon, uranium, thorium

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1
Q

Beta radiation is a light, short-range particle and is actually an __. Beta can penetrate human skin to the “germinal layer”. Some example are __

A

ejected electron

strontium-90, carbon-14, tritium, sulfur-35

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2
Q

Gamma and X-ray radiation are highly penetrating in human tissue. Some gamma emitters are __

A

iodine-131, cesium-137, cobalt-60, radium-226, technetium-99m

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3
Q

Primordial radionuclides have been around since the beginning of time and make excellent time-measurement tools because of their known half lives and decay properties. This is called __

A

radiometric dating

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4
Q

Cosmogenic radionuclides are produced by cosmic rays interacting with matter. Some examples are __ and __ which has a 5730 half life that can be used to measure the age of an artifact from an organism that was previously living.

A

3^H (tritium) and 14^C

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5
Q

Anthropogenic radionuclides occur as a result of __

A

human activities

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6
Q

What is the unit of radiation to measure “effective dose”?

A

Sievert

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7
Q

xrays and mammography produce __ amounts of radiation

A

low

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8
Q

CT, fluoroscopy, and nuclear medicine are associated with __ radiation doses

A

high

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9
Q

What organs are most susceptible to radiation exposure?

A

Reproductive cells/gonads
Red bone marrow
Breast tissue
Thyroid gland

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10
Q

MRI uses a __ field and __ waves to alter the body’s hydrogen atoms’ alignment, the stronger the magnet the more clear the image.

A

magnetic field and radio waves

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11
Q

Point out the sagittal, coronal, and axial planes on yourself.

A

No really, do it!

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12
Q

Can the MRI be used on a patient with ANY kind of iron-based metal implant or device, bullet, surgical pin, clips, pumps, pacers, IUD’s?

A

Nope

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13
Q

Can you code you patient in the scanner (zone 4)?

A

Nope, have to drag them out to zone 3

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14
Q

Transverse waves are __

A

up and down

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15
Q

Longitudinal waves move __

A

back and forth

16
Q

Longitudinal waves, AKA compression waves, are composed of compression and __

A

rarefaction

17
Q

What happens to the velocity of the pressure wave as it moves from large arteries to small arteries?

A

the velocity increases

18
Q

how fast does the pulse wave travel in the aortic arch?
“” subclavian artery?
“” peripheral arteries?

A

3-5 m/sec
7-10 m/sec
15-30 m/sec

19
Q

peripheral pulse waveforms have a __ amplitude

A

greater

20
Q

what happens when a pulsatile pressure wave enters the peripheral arteries and distends them?

A

the pressure in these peripheral arteries causes the pulse wave to begin traveling backwards

21
Q

what is the superimposition principle?

A

it’s the reason the systolic pressure increases as the pressure wave travels from aorta to smaller arteries. backwards (or reflected) waves add with forward waves causing higher pressure than would otherwise occur.

22
Q

__ is a composition of the universe that consists of solids, liquids, gas, or plasma

A

matter

23
Q

__ is a mixture of ionized gas and free-floating electrons

A

plasma

24
Q

What is Newton’s 1st law?

A

an object at rest or moving at constant speed in a straight line will continue in that state until an external force acts upon it.

like a bicyclist hitting a big rock in the road.

25
Q

What is Newton’s 2nd law?

A

force = mass x acceleration

force in newtons
mass in kg’s
acceleration in meters/second squared

26
Q

what is Newton’s 3rd law?

A

for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

27
Q

one newton of force is __

A

1kg x 1m/s^squared

28
Q

the force of gravity pulls or accelerates all objects with a force of __

A

9.81 m/s^squared

29
Q

pressure = __ x __

A

pressure = force x area

ANPR 555 - Sames - math and physics (12 decks)

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