week 8 radiation part 2 etc Flashcards
Alpha radiation is a heavy, very short-range particle that is actually a __. It CANNOT penetrate skin or clothing, but is harmful if you inhale, ingest, or absorb it through open wounds. Some examples of alpha emitters are __
ejected helium nucleus
radium, radon, uranium, thorium
Beta radiation is a light, short-range particle and is actually an __. Beta can penetrate human skin to the “germinal layer”. Some example are __
ejected electron
strontium-90, carbon-14, tritium, sulfur-35
Gamma and X-ray radiation are highly penetrating in human tissue. Some gamma emitters are __
iodine-131, cesium-137, cobalt-60, radium-226, technetium-99m
Primordial radionuclides have been around since the beginning of time and make excellent time-measurement tools because of their known half lives and decay properties. This is called __
radiometric dating
Cosmogenic radionuclides are produced by cosmic rays interacting with matter. Some examples are __ and __ which has a 5730 half life that can be used to measure the age of an artifact from an organism that was previously living.
3^H (tritium) and 14^C
Anthropogenic radionuclides occur as a result of __
human activities
What is the unit of radiation to measure “effective dose”?
Sievert
xrays and mammography produce __ amounts of radiation
low
CT, fluoroscopy, and nuclear medicine are associated with __ radiation doses
high
What organs are most susceptible to radiation exposure?
Reproductive cells/gonads
Red bone marrow
Breast tissue
Thyroid gland
MRI uses a __ field and __ waves to alter the body’s hydrogen atoms’ alignment, the stronger the magnet the more clear the image.
magnetic field and radio waves
Point out the sagittal, coronal, and axial planes on yourself.
No really, do it!
Can the MRI be used on a patient with ANY kind of iron-based metal implant or device, bullet, surgical pin, clips, pumps, pacers, IUD’s?
Nope
Can you code you patient in the scanner (zone 4)?
Nope, have to drag them out to zone 3
Transverse waves are __
up and down
Longitudinal waves move __
back and forth
Longitudinal waves, AKA compression waves, are composed of compression and __
rarefaction
What happens to the velocity of the pressure wave as it moves from large arteries to small arteries?
the velocity increases
how fast does the pulse wave travel in the aortic arch?
“” subclavian artery?
“” peripheral arteries?
3-5 m/sec
7-10 m/sec
15-30 m/sec
peripheral pulse waveforms have a __ amplitude
greater
what happens when a pulsatile pressure wave enters the peripheral arteries and distends them?
the pressure in these peripheral arteries causes the pulse wave to begin traveling backwards
what is the superimposition principle?
it’s the reason the systolic pressure increases as the pressure wave travels from aorta to smaller arteries. backwards (or reflected) waves add with forward waves causing higher pressure than would otherwise occur.
__ is a composition of the universe that consists of solids, liquids, gas, or plasma
matter
__ is a mixture of ionized gas and free-floating electrons
plasma
