Final Review Flashcards
1 inch = ?cm
2.54 cm
1 mile = ?km = ?ft
1.609, 5280
1 lb = ?oz
16
1 L (1000ml) = ? dm3
1
1 cc = ?cm3 = ?ml
1, 1
1 oz = ?grams
28.35
Ladder Method?
Kilo -> Hecto -> Deka -> UNITS -> Deci -> Centi -> Milli
Kids have dropped over dead converting metrics
Avogadro’s Law and #?
equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules regardless of their chemical nature.
6.023 x 10 to the 23rd
Dalton’s Law
the TOTAL pressure of a gaseous mixture is the SUM of the partial pressure of each component gas.
Partial pressure = (% concentration/100) x total pressure
Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3 (etc)
Full E cylinder of N20 contains how many Liters? Full PSI gauge is what?
1590, 750 psi
Full E cylinder of 02 is how many Liters? Full PSI gauge is what?
660 L, 2200 psi
Ostwald Solubility coefficient
The higher the blood:gas partition coefficient the longer it takes to induce anesthesia and the longer it takes to emerge.
1000 L = ? m3?
1
Density = ?
Mass/Volume
LeChatelier’s principle?
The solubility of a salt increases with increasing temperature (more salt dissolves in water) The solubility of a gas decreases with increasing temperature (gas molecules LEAVE the liquid).
Endothermic reaction what happens?
solubility is increased with increased temperature
If the inspired O2 is given, how do you estimate the Pa02?
Multiply by 5 for healthy lungs
Multiply by 3 for moderate lung dysfuction
Multiply by 2 for severe lung dysfunction
What is oncotic pressure and what is the normal level?
The osmotic pressure caused by plasma proteins and electrolytes in capillaries. Oncotic pressure balances the hydrostatic pressure tendency to push water out of capillaries.
Normal pressure is 28 mmHg
Graham’s Law?
Determines the FASTER diffusion of SMALLER molecules compared to larger molecules.
Exception is Co2. Why? Even though it is larger than O2, it is 20x more soluble in fluid than O2.
Reynold’s number (Re)
predicts when flow through a cylindrical tube changes from laminar to turbulent flow.
DIRECTLY proportional fluid velocity, density, and tube diameter.
INVERSELY proportional to fluid viscosity.
Osmosis is what?
The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane to equilibrate against a concentration gradient.
(semi-permeable membranes allow only water to pass through - NOT solute).
Poiseuille’s Law
For LAMINAR flow - the viscosity of a gas is the determinant of flow. Flow is inversely proportional to viscosity when the flow is laminar.
With TURBULENT flow, density of the gas is what determines the flow. Flow is inversely proportional to the square root of the density when flow is turbulent.
Delivery of He/O2 mixtures to status asthmaticus patients is based on the principle of reducing density in order to reestablish laminar flow.
Can These Guys Possibly Be Violinists?
Charles’ Law -Pressure is constant (depends on Volume and Temperature) directly proportional. (volume goes up, Temp goes up)
Gay-Lussac’s Law - Volume is constant (depends on Temperature and Pressure) directly proportional - (Temperature goes up, pressure goes up)
Boyle’s law (backwards B) - Temp is constant (depends on Pressure and Volume) is INVERSILY related.
Pressure goes UP, Volume goes DOWN)
Vapor Pressures? according to Nagelhout
Sevo - 157 Enflurane (175) Isoflurane - 238 Halothane - 243 Desflurane - 669
