Final Review

Question 1

1 inch = ?cm

Answer 1

2.54 cm

Question 2

1 mile = ?km = ?ft

Answer 2

1.609, 5280

Question 3

1 lb = ?oz

Answer 3

16

Question 4

1 L (1000ml) = ? dm3

Answer 4

1

Question 5

1 cc = ?cm3 = ?ml

Answer 5

1, 1

Question 6

1 oz = ?grams

Answer 6

28.35

Question 7

Ladder Method?

Answer 7

Kilo -> Hecto -> Deka -> UNITS -> Deci -> Centi -> Milli

Kids have dropped over dead converting metrics

Question 8

Avogadro’s Law and #?

Answer 8

equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules regardless of their chemical nature.

6.023 x 10 to the 23rd

Question 9

Dalton’s Law

Answer 9

the TOTAL pressure of a gaseous mixture is the SUM of the partial pressure of each component gas.

Partial pressure = (% concentration/100) x total pressure

Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3 (etc)

Question 10

Full E cylinder of N20 contains how many Liters? Full PSI gauge is what?

Answer 10

1590, 750 psi

Question 11

Full E cylinder of 02 is how many Liters? Full PSI gauge is what?

Answer 11

660 L, 2200 psi

Question 12

Ostwald Solubility coefficient

Answer 12

The higher the blood:gas partition coefficient the longer it takes to induce anesthesia and the longer it takes to emerge.

Question 13

1000 L = ? m3?

Answer 13

1

Question 14

Density = ?

Answer 14

Mass/Volume

Question 15

LeChatelier’s principle?

Answer 15

The solubility of a salt increases with increasing temperature (more salt dissolves in water) The solubility of a gas decreases with increasing temperature (gas molecules LEAVE the liquid).

Question 16

Endothermic reaction what happens?

Answer 16

solubility is increased with increased temperature

Question 17

If the inspired O2 is given, how do you estimate the Pa02?

Answer 17

Multiply by 5 for healthy lungs
Multiply by 3 for moderate lung dysfuction
Multiply by 2 for severe lung dysfunction

Question 18

What is oncotic pressure and what is the normal level?

Answer 18

The osmotic pressure caused by plasma proteins and electrolytes in capillaries. Oncotic pressure balances the hydrostatic pressure tendency to push water out of capillaries.

Normal pressure is 28 mmHg

Question 19

Graham’s Law?

Answer 19

Determines the FASTER diffusion of SMALLER molecules compared to larger molecules.

Exception is Co2. Why? Even though it is larger than O2, it is 20x more soluble in fluid than O2.

Question 20

Reynold’s number (Re)

Answer 20

predicts when flow through a cylindrical tube changes from laminar to turbulent flow.

DIRECTLY proportional fluid velocity, density, and tube diameter.

INVERSELY proportional to fluid viscosity.

Question 21

Osmosis is what?

Answer 21

The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane to equilibrate against a concentration gradient.

(semi-permeable membranes allow only water to pass through - NOT solute).

Question 22

Poiseuille’s Law

Answer 22

For LAMINAR flow - the viscosity of a gas is the determinant of flow. Flow is inversely proportional to viscosity when the flow is laminar.

With TURBULENT flow, density of the gas is what determines the flow. Flow is inversely proportional to the square root of the density when flow is turbulent.

Delivery of He/O2 mixtures to status asthmaticus patients is based on the principle of reducing density in order to reestablish laminar flow.

Question 23

Can These Guys Possibly Be Violinists?

Answer 23

Charles’ Law -Pressure is constant (depends on Volume and Temperature) directly proportional. (volume goes up, Temp goes up)

Gay-Lussac’s Law - Volume is constant (depends on Temperature and Pressure) directly proportional - (Temperature goes up, pressure goes up)

Boyle’s law (backwards B) - Temp is constant (depends on Pressure and Volume) is INVERSILY related.
Pressure goes UP, Volume goes DOWN)

Question 24

Vapor Pressures? according to Nagelhout

Answer 24

Sevo - 157
Enflurane  (175)
Isoflurane - 238
Halothane - 243
Desflurane - 669

Question 25

Bernoulli’s principle?

Answer 25

As flow passes through the narrowing tube, the velocity of that flow INCREASES and there is a corresponding DECREASE in pressure at the area of narrowing.