week 4, reynolds-pka Flashcards
reynolds number greater than __ is the transition point between laminar and transitional flow
2000
reynolds number states that resistance to flow __ when flow becomes turbulent
increases
reynolds equation is _
velocity x density x tube diameter
/
viscosity
reynolds is proportional to v, d, d
velocity, diameter, density
reynolds is inversely proportional to v
viscosity
reynolds says that when flow is turbulent, _ determines flow
density
what property of a gas determines gas flow rate through a variable orifice flow meter at HIGH FLOW RATE
density
what property of a gas determines gas flow rate through a variable orifice flow meter at LOW FLOW RATE
viscosity
why would you give a person in status asthmaticus heliox?
reducing the density reestablishes laminar flow
bernoulli’s principle states that fluids in an area moving __ than the surrounding area possess __ pressure
faster
less pressure
an example of bernoulli
blowing on the top of a piece of paper lifts the paper
venturi effect is a _ effect, the velocity of a fluid _ as the cross sectional area _
jet
increases
decreases
laplace’s law states that as the structure (the radius) expands, the tension (force) in the wall of the structure increases. Give me an example
an aortic aneurysm is much more likely to rupture that a normal vessel because the radius of the aneurysm is LARGER, thereby increasing the tension in the wall to the “breaking point”
according to LaPlace, will a small capillary or a large vein better withstand high blood pressure? why?
the small capillary, because it has a smaller radius and thus lower wall tension
LaPlace’s math T=P x r
tension = pressure x radius
in sphere’s, the wall tension is increased __ as much as with cylinders
twice
in a surfactant DEFICIENT alveolus, wall tension is __ and __ of size
constant
independent
in a surfactant deficient lung, is the pressure greater in a smaller or larger alveoli?
smaller
for alveoli with normal surfactant, tension __ with __ in radius
increases
increases
in a patient with adequate surfactant, because tension increases proportionally with radius, the pressure within the alveolus _
does not change
chemical equilibrium means that most chemical reactions are __ and competing processes of reactions and product break downs occur __
reversible
simultaneously
when a system reaches equilibrium, the concentrations of all the products and reactants (starting materials) remain _
constant
LeChatelier’s principle states that if a system in equilibrium is subjected to a disturbance, it tends to change in a way that __ this disturbance
opposes
in physiology, equilibrium is called _
homeostasis
