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ANPR 555 - Sames - math and physics > week 2 > Flashcards

week 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Avogadro’s number

A

6.023 x 10^23

or 602.3 sextillion

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1
Q

avogadro’s law

A

“equal volumes of gases at the same temp and pressure contain the same number of molecules regardless of their chemical nature and physical properties”

in other words- volume of gas and number of moles are PROPORTIONAL at a constant temp and pressure.

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2
Q

how many liters did avogadro use for his comparison? in other words, one mole of an ideal gas occupies __ liters at standard temp and pressure

A

22.4 liters

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3
Q

TWO moles of gaseous n2o occupy what volume under standard conditions?

A

44.8 liters

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4
Q

the ideal gas law

A

pressure x volume = the number of moles x the gas constant x temperature

PV=nRT

The ideal vacation law:
Puerto Vallarta = no real temptation

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5
Q

Dalton “summed” it up when he calculated Dalton’s law

A

the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of all partial pressures of each of the component gases

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6
Q

how do you calculate the partial pressure of a gas mixture if you know it’s percent concentration?

A

partial pressure = (%concentration / 100) x total pressure

Example- oxygen
(21% / 100 = 0.21) x 760 = 160 mmHg

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7
Q

what is the partial pressure of nitrogen at one atmosphere if n2 is 79% of the atmosphere (1 atmosphere = 760 mmHg)?

A

partial pressure = (79%/100 = .79) x (total pressure of one atm = 760)
0.79 x 760 = 600 mmHg

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8
Q

the vapor pressure for sevo/iso/halo/des?

A 
157 sevo
238 iso
243 halo
669 des
"Have you ever heard of SIHD (Syndrome of Inappropriate Hunger for Desserts / Sevo Iso Halo Des)? Well at my hospital 157% (one hundred fifty 'SEVOn' percent) of patients admitted on 'ISOlation' between 0238 and 0243 (five minute time span, halothane has five molecules) in the morning ate 669 'des'serts after contracting SIHD (Syndrome of Inappropriate Hunger for Desserts / Sevo Iso Halo Des)"
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9
Q

atmospheric pressure

A

760

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10
Q

a volatile agent is poured into a flask containing 100% oxygen, explain how to calculate the % volatile agent and the % oxygen above the liquid

A

% volatile agent = (saturated vapor pressure of the volatile / 760 mmHg) x 100

100 - % volatile = % oxygen

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11
Q

the critical temperature is the temp at which (above) you __ __ the gas any longer no matter how much pressure you apply to it

A

cannot liquefy

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12
Q

the critical temp of nitrous oxide

A

39.5 C

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13
Q

nitrous is colorless, odorless, non-explosive, and nonflammable, but __

A

is just as capable as oxygen of supporting combustion

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14
Q

since nitrous at room temp is below its critical temperature (39.5 C) it exists as a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid phase. A full E cylinder of nitrous contains about __ liters, and is filled to a pressure of __ psig

A

1,590 liters

750 psig

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15
Q

what should you do when the pressure in the nitrous tank drops below 750 psig?

A

change the tank, because you can’t know how much nitrous is left without weighing the tank.

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16
Q

how much nitrous is left in the tank when the pressure starts to drop?

A

about 400 Liters

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17
Q

which two gases are in liquid form in pressurized cylinders?

A

nitrous and carbon dioxide

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18
Q

the critical temp of oxygen is __ C therefore it always obeys the gas laws at room temp

A

-119 C

19
Q

oxygen cylinders are filled to __ to __ psig and contain in a full E cylinder __ liters

A

1900-2200 psig

660 liters

20
Q

an adiabatic process is a thermodynamic process in which __

A

no heat is transferred to or from the surroundings.

conversely, diabatic is a process where heat is exchanged

21
Q

what is a fluid?

A

anything that has the ability to flow, including gases and liquids, fluids assume the shape of their container

22
Q

solubility is __

A

the maximum amount of one substance (solute) that is able to dissolve into another (solvent)

23
Q

factors that affect solubility

A

intermolecular interactions between substances, temp, and pressure

24
Q

endothermic reaction, solubility is __ with __ temp

A

increased
increased
like dissolving sugar in water, you can add more sugar if the water is boiling.

25
Q

exothermic reaction, meaning energy is __

A

released

26
Q

gas solubility in liquids in __ related to temperature, thus as temp increases, __ gas is able to dissolve into the liquid

A

inversely

less

27
Q

if your patient is ice cold, they will wake up __ due to increased solubility of gases in cold temps

A

slower

28
Q

LeChatelier’s principle applies how to gases? how to solids?

A

as the temp of the solvent increases, more solid can be dissolved, but less gas can be dissolved.
Think of making mac and cheese, as you boil the water the salt will dissolve but the gas bubbles will come to the top.

29
Q

Otswald solubility coefficient- AKA the __

A

blood:gas partition coefficient
ratio of the concentration of gas dissolved in solution (the blood) to the concentration of gas dissolved in gas (the lungs)

30
Q

the higher the Otswald blood:gas partition coefficient, the __ the time it takes to induce and to emerge

A

longer

31
Q

how to calculate the Otswald blood:gas partition coefficient

A

amount of anesthetic in blood phase / amount of anesthetic in gas phase

32
Q

Henry’s Law states that “at a constant temp, the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to the partial pressure of that gas at equilibrium above the gas-liquid interface”
what is the formula?

A

p = k times c
partial pressure of the solute above the solution = henry’s constant times the concentration of the solute in the solution

33
Q

If temp and pressure remain the same, and one liter of bovine methane contains 0.25 moles, how many moles are in two liters of bovine methane?

A

0.5 moles. Volume and moles are proportional at constant temp and pressure

34
Q

On the periodic table, the number below the symbol is the atomic mass, which is how much one mole of that substance “weighs” (mass).
Ex. helium
2 - atomic number
H - symbol
4 - atomic mass = how much one mole “weighs” (mass) in grams

A

2 moles of helium weighs? 2 moles x 4 grams per mole = 8 grams

8 grams of helium contains how many moles? 8 grams / 4 grams per mole = 2 moles

35
Q

How many liters can an E tank of nitrous hold?

A

1590

36
Q

To what psig are nitrous tanks filled?

A

750 psig

37
Q

What should you do when the nitrous tank reads below 745 psig?
How much nitrous remains?

A

Change the tank, less than a quarter of a tank remains or about 400 liters

38
Q

Joule-Thomsen Effect - when a gas is forced through a small valve at high pressure, the rapid expansion of the gas at the outlet will lead to cooling of the gas temp because the energy per area has been lowered.

A

“The Joule is cool”

39
Q

vapor pressure sevo

A

157

40
Q

vapor pressure iso

A

238

41
Q

vapor pressure halothane

A

243

42
Q

vapor pressure des

A

669

43
Q

if you add some des liquid to a flask containing 100% oxygen, what are the percents of the des vapor and the oxygen in the flask above the liquid assuming 1 atmosphere of pressure (760 mmHg) and des has a vapor pressure of 669 mmHg

A

669 / 760 = 88% des

100% - 88% = 12% oxygen

44
Q

According to Henry’s Law, increasing the partial pressure of a gas above a liquid will __ the amount of gas that dissolves in the liquid?

A

Increase

45
Q

Increasing fio2 to improve sats and overpressuring anesthetics to induce patients is a demonstration of __ Law

A

Henry’s

ANPR 555 - Sames - math and physics (12 decks)

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