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Self Care > Week 8: Oral > Flashcards

Week 8: Oral Flashcards

1
Q

What are the hygiene related disorders?

A
  1. Dental caries
  2. Gingivitis
  3. Halitosis
  4. Denture Stimatitis
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2
Q

What is the cornerstone of oral self-treatment?

A

Prevention

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3
Q

How do we determine if an oral condition needs referral?

A
  1. Symptoms of toothache
  2. Teeth develop a mottled appearance
  3. Gums bleed, swell, or become red
  4. Persistent mouth odor despite regular use of fluoride toothpaste
  5. Cause of mouth odor cannot be identified
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4
Q

What are cavities?

A
  1. Plaque bacteria generate acid from dietary carbohydrates
  2. acid demineralizes the enamel and dentin
  3. if left untreated, destroys the tooth
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5
Q

What is the common cause of cavities?

A

Poor oral hygiene

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6
Q

What are the clinical presentation of cavities?

A
  1. Calcified plaque = Calculus
  2. Visible “holes” in the teeth
  3. Tooth sensitivity or pain
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7
Q

What are the non pharm treatments for cavities?

A
  1. Dietary Measures
  2. Plaque Removal
  3. Brush at least twice a day
  4. Floss at least once a day
  5. Replace toothbrushes at least every 3 months
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8
Q

What are the pharm treatments for cavity prevention?

A
  1. Topical fluoride
  2. Toothpastes
  3. Mouth rinses
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9
Q

What are some of the ingredients of toothpastes?

A
  1. Fluoride Dentifrices
  2. Tartar Control Dentifrices
  3. Antiplaque and Anti-gingivitis Dentifrices
  4. Whitening/Anti-stain Dentifrices
  5. Botanical Dentifrices
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10
Q

What are some ingredients of mouth rinses?

A
  1. Phenol oils
  2. Methy salicylate
  3. Alcohol
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11
Q

How should plague be removed from children?

A
  1. Prevention of “Baby Bottle Caries”
  2. Non-fluoride toothpaste/gel for young children
  3. Pea-size amount of toothpaste for children 3-6 years of age
  4. Between 3-6 years, parents should be brushing children’s teeth
  5. Supervision of brushing for children 6-12 years of age
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12
Q

How should plague be removed from orthodontics?

A
  1. Maintain good oral hygiene
  2. Use oral irrigating devices or fluoride mouth rinse, if needed
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13
Q

How should plague be removed from elderly?

A
  1. Continue fluoride dentifrices
  2. Monitor for relevant physiologic changes or medication related changes
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14
Q

What is pathology of gingivitis?

A
  1. Inflammation of the gingiva without loss of tissue attachment to the teeth
  2. Accumulation of bacterial plaque
  3. More potential for problems with dental caries and gingivitis during pregnancy
  4. Medications
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15
Q

What is the clinical presentation gingivitis?

A

Puffy, swollen gum, tissue that bleeds easily

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16
Q

What is the pathophysiology of halitosis?

A

Related to numerous oral and systemic causes (dental caries, periodontal disease, oral infections, food debris, medications, etc.)

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17
Q

How do you prevent halitosis?

A

Proper removal of plaque and food from teeth and tongue

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18
Q

What mouth rinses prevent halitosis?

A
  1. Zinc salts
  2. Chlorine dioxide
  3. combination zinc salts/chlorine dioxide
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19
Q

What is the pathophysiology of denture stomatitis?

A

Inflammation of oral tissue that is in contact with a removable denture

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20
Q

What is the clinical presentation of denture stomatitis?

A
  1. Mouth odor
  2. Inflammation of tissue
  3. Candida infection
  4. Angular cheilitis (sore, cracked mouth corners)
  5. Poor fitting dentures
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21
Q

What is the prevention of denture swtomatis?

A
  1. Brush dentures daily with an abrasive cleaner made for dentures
  2. Soak dentures daily in a denture cleaning solution
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22
Q

What are sources of OROFACIAL PAIN AND DISCOMFORT?

A
  1. Tooth Hypersensitivity
  2. Teething
  3. Canker Sores
  4. Cold Sores/Fever Blisters
  5. Xerostomia (Dry Mouth)
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23
Q

What is the etiology of tooth hypersensitivity?

A

Exposed dentin tubules

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24
Q

What is the etiology of toothache?

A

Bacterial invasion in the pulp

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25
Q

What is the pathophysiology of tooth hypersensitivity?

A

Shrinking and expanding tubules secondary to stimuli stimulate nerves

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26
Q

What is the pathophysiology of toothache?

A

Inflammation secondary to bacteria stimulated nerves

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27
Q

What is the cause of tooth hypersensitivity?

A

Attrition, abrasion, erosion, tooth fracture, faulty restorations, gingival recession

28
Q

What is the cause of toothache?

A

Tooth decay, tooth fracture, trauma to the dentition

29
Q

What are the symptoms of tooth hypersensitivity?

A

Pain secondary to thermal, chemical, or physical stimuli which stops if the stimuli is removed

Quick, sharp pain

30
Q

What are the symptoms of toothache?

A

Pain that remains in the absences of stimuli

Intermittent, sharp pain or continuous, dull, throbbing pain

31
Q

How do we assess tooth hypersensitivity?

A

Hypersensitivity secondary to attrition, abrasion, or erosion is self-treatable

Hypersensitivity secondary to fracture, faulty restoration, or gingival recession should be referred

32
Q

How should tooth aches be assessed?

A

Toothache should be referred

33
Q

What is the self-treatment limit for teeth?

A

14-21 days

34
Q

What are the exclusions of self care OROFACIAL PAIN AND DISCOMFORT?

A
  1. Toothache
  2. Mouth soreness associated with poor-fitting dentures
  3. Presence of fever or swelling
  4. Loose teeth
  5. Bleeding gums in the absence of trauma
  6. Broken or knocked out teeth
  7. Severe tooth pain triggered or worsened by hot, cold, or chewing
  8. Trauma to the mouth with bleeding, swelling and soreness
35
Q

What are the clinical presentation of tooth HS?

A
  1. Experiences pain from hot, cold, sweet, or sour solutions
  2. Sensitivity from hot or cold air touching the teeth
  3. Pain can range from mild discomfort to sharp, excruciating pain
36
Q

What are the goals for tooth HS?

A
  1. Repair the damaged tooth surface using appropriate toothpaste
  2. Replace aggressive or improper toothbrushing practices with optimal technique
37
Q

What are the non pharm treatment for tooth HS?

A
  1. Avoid aggressive brushing
  2. Avoid brushing within 30-60 minutes of consuming acidic foods
38
Q

What are the pharm treatment for tooth HS?

A
  1. Desensitizing toothpastes containing Potassium Nitrate and Sodium Fluoride
  2. Use twice daily
    NOT recommended for use in children <12 years old
  3. If no improvement after 14-21 days refer to dental provider
  4. Avoid high abrasion toothpastes
39
Q

What is teething?

A

the normal eruption of the primary teeth through the gingival tissue

40
Q

What is the clinical presentation of teething?

A
  1. Mild pain
  2. Irritation
  3. Redness of the gums
  4. Excessive drooling
  5. Slight swelling of the gums
  6. Irritability
  7. Sleep disturbances
41
Q

What is the goal of teething?

A

Relieve gum pain and irritation = decrease child’s stress and sleep disturbances

42
Q

What is the non pharm for teething?

A
  1. Massage gums
  2. Cold teething ring to bite on
  3. Dry toast or teething biscuits to bite on and chew
43
Q

What is the pharm for teething?

A
  1. Oral analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen or ibuprofen)
  2. Topical oral anesthetics are NOT recommended
44
Q

When should you refer for teething?

A
  1. Determine if the condition is one that requires referral
  2. Vomiting, diarrhea, fever, nasal congestion, malaise, pain (not teething discomfort)
  3. Limit self-care to 2 days
45
Q

What are the clinical presentation for canker sores?

A
  1. Painful epithelial ulcer on mucosa of the mouth
  2. Round or oval
  3. Flat or with a depressed center
  4. Gray or yellowish gray
  5. Cannot be cured-symptom relief
46
Q

What are the non pharm of canker sores?

A
  1. Vitamin supplement if cause is a vitamin deficiency
  2. Avoid spicy or acidic food
  3. Avoid sharp textured food (e.g., chips, etc.)
  4. Apply ice
47
Q

What are pharm treatment for canker sores?

A
  1. Oral debriding and wound cleansing agents
  2. Topical oral anesthetics
  3. Topical oral protectants
  4. Oral rinses
  5. Systemic analgesics
48
Q

What are examples of Oral debriding and wound cleansing agents?

A
  1. Carbamide Peroxide 10-15%
  2. Hydrogen Peroxide 1.5%
49
Q

What are examples of Topical oral anesthetics?

A
  1. Benzocaine
  2. Benzyl Alcohol
  3. Butacaine
  4. Dyclonine
  5. Hexylresorcinol
  6. Salicylic Alcohol
50
Q

What are examples of oral rinses?

A
  1. Original Listerine Antiseptic
  2. Warm saline rinse
51
Q

What are the exclusions of self care?

A
  1. Lesions associated with underlying pathology
  2. Lesions present >14 days
  3. Frequently reoccurring lesions
  4. Symptoms of systemic illness
  5. Failure of appropriate prior self-treatment
  6. Symptoms persist for >7 days despite treatment with oral debriding and wound cleansing agents
  7. Lesions do NOT heal within 14 days
  8. Symptoms worsen
  9. Symptoms of a systemic infection are present
52
Q

What is the etiology of herpes?

A

caused by a virus (mainly HSV-1, but HSV-2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus may also cause oral lesions)

53
Q

What are the clinical presentation of herpes?

A
  1. Recurrent, painful oral lesions which usually affect the lips or areas around the lips
  2. Lesions may be preceded by burning, itching, tingling or numbness
  3. Lesions may become crusty
54
Q

What are goals of treating HERPES SIMPLEX LABIALIS?

A
  1. Relieve pain and irritation while sores are healing
  2. Prevent secondary infection
  3. Prevent spread of the lesions
55
Q

What are the non pharm for herpes?

A
  1. Take precautions to prevent spread –needs to be emphasized in counseling
  2. Keep lesions clean
  3. Wash hands
  4. Keep affected area moist
56
Q

What are the pharm treatments for herpes?

A
  1. Skin protectants
  2. Topical anesthetics
  3. Topical Docosanol 10%*
  4. Triple Antibiotic Ointment
57
Q

What is counseling point or skin protectants?

A

3-4 times daily after meals, should avoid eating or drinking for at least 30 minutes after application

58
Q

What is the counseling point for Topical Docosanol 10%?

A

1.Apply 5 times daily at first sign of an outbreak; max 10 days
2. only non-rx product proven to reduce the duration and severity of symptoms.

59
Q

What is the counseling point for Triple Antibiotic Ointment?

A

3-4 times daily for secondary bacterial infections

60
Q

What are the exclusions of self care for herpes?

A
  1. Lesions present >14 days
  2. Increased frequency of outbreaks
  3. Compromised immunity
  4. Symptoms of systemic infection
  5. No previous diagnosis of a cold sore
  6. Recurrence
61
Q

What is the self-care limit for herpes

A

14 days

62
Q

What is xerostomia?

A

Decreased saliva production or flow secondary to

63
Q

What are the clinical presentation for dry mouth?

A
  1. Difficulty talking and swallowing
  2. Stomatitis
  3. Halitosis
  4. Burning tongue
  5. Loss of appetite
  6. Increased dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease
64
Q

What are the non pharm for dry mouth?

A
  1. Avoid or remove any identifiable offending agents
  2. Maintain good oral hygiene (use a soft brush)
  3. Limit sugar, starch, and acidic foods
  4. Increase water intake
  5. Use a humidifier
65
Q

What are the pharm treatments of dry mouth?

A

Artificial saliva products
Use after meals, at bedtime, and as needed
Available as lozenges, gels, sprays, gum, and toothpastes

66
Q

What are the exclusion for dry mouth?

A
  1. Tooth erosion, decalcification, and decay
  2. Candidasis, gingivitis, and periodontitis
  3. Reduced denture wearing time
  4. Mouth soreness associated with poor fitting dentures
  5. Presence of fever or swelling
  6. Loose teeth
  7. Bleeding gums in the absence of trauma
  8. Broken or knocked out teeth
  9. Severe tooth pain triggered or worsened by hot, cold, or chewing
  10. Trauma to the mouth with bleeding, swelling, and soreness
  11. Sjogren syndrome
  12. Salivary gland stones
67
Q

What are the self care limit for dry mouth?

A

7 days

Self Care (16 decks)

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