Week 8: Nervous System Flashcards
The cerebellum is connected to the pons by the __________.
cerebellar peduncles
A woman with an abnormally low level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) would exhibit which of the following symptoms?
Reduced oocyte production or ovulation events
The inner layer of the eye that consists of the retina is known as
the nervous tunic.
The ampulla and crista ampullaris are found in
the semicircular canals.
Stress
influences the hypothalamus
activates a sympathetic nervous system response
causes the release of ACTH
causes an increase in blood glucose levels
TTX is a toxin that blocks Na+ channels from opening. What effect would this have on the function of neurons (specifically the action potential)?
The neurons would be unable to depolarize.
Which of the following statements about the vestibulocochlear nerve is false?
The vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) is involved with hearing.
The __________ of the cerebral cortex is necessary for understanding and formulating coherent speech whereas the __________ is responsible for initiating the complex series of movements necessary for speech.
Wernicke’s area; Broca’s area
Transmitting a nerve impulse from one neuron to another involves a __________.
nerve impulse stimulating a presynaptic axon to release a neurotransmitter into a synaptic cleft
Why is the resting membrane potential negative?
The membrane is more permeable to potassium ions than to sodium ions at rest.
Which of the following is not an example of a special sense?
a. Hearing
b. Pain
c. Smell
d. Vision
b. Pain
The peripheral nervous system includes the _____.
cranial nerves
have long cilia on the dendrites, which airborne molecules bind to
Olfactory neurons
are involved in dynamic equilibrium
Semicircular canals
Evaluation of auditory and olfactory input, memory, abstract thought, and judgment are all associated with __________.
the temporal lobes
In the cochlea, the space between the vestibular membrane and the basilar membrane is called the
cochlear duct
can only perceive taste if the molecules are in solution
Taste buds
___________ detect deep pressure, vibration, and proprioception in tendons and joints.
Pacinian corpuscles
The outer layer of the eye that consists of the sclera and cornea is known as
the fibrous tunic
Which of the following is not a function of the astrocytes?
Produce the myelin sheath around axons
Sensory receptors that trigger the sensation of pain are called __________.
nociceptors
The deep groove that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres from each other is the __________.
longitudinal fissure
Which of the following statements about taste is false?
The facial nerve (VII) transmits taste sensations from the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue.
Our ability to perceive many different tastes is achieved through various combinations of the five basic taste sensations.
The vagus nerve (X) carries some taste sensations from the root of the tongue.
Taste sensations are carried by three spinal nerves that synapse in the olfactory bulb.
The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) carries taste sensations from the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue.
Taste sensations are carried by three spinal nerves that synapse in the olfactory bulb.
Which of the following would increase conduction velocity of an action potential in an axon?
Wrap the axon in Schwann cells
Arrange the events of synaptic transmission in correct sequence.
1) Sodium ions diffuse into the cell and cause a local potential
2) Neurotransmitter binds with receptor on postsynaptic cell
3) Neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft
4) Membrane permeability to sodium ions on postsynaptic cell increases
5) Action potential in a presynaptic cell causes release of neurotransmitter
5, 3, 2, 4, 1
Which of the following is mismatched?
Peripheral nervous system — Spinal nerves
Autonomic nervous system — Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
Central nervous system — Brain
Somatic nervous system — Sensory division of PNS
Peripheral nervous system — Sensory and motor divisions
Somatic nervous system — Sensory division of PNS
The type of sensory receptors that respond to physical forces such as bending or stretching the receptor are called
mechanoreceptors
The nervous system _____.
transmits information in the form of action potentials
interprets or assesses information
monitors internal and external stimuli
maintains homeostasis
All are correct.
______________ are released by cells that have effects on other cell types near the cells from which they were released.
Paracrine chemical messengers
Is involved in balance, maintenance of muscle tone, and coordination of fine motor movement
cerebellum
The structure that opens into the pharynx and enables air pressure to be equalized between the middle ear and the outside is
the auditory tube.
The brain interprets input from sensory receptors as
perception
Which of the following statements regarding neuroglia is false?
Neuroglia form myelin sheaths around some axons.
Neuroglia produce cerebrospinal fluid.
Neuroglia serve as the major supporting tissue in the CNS.
Neuroglia produce action potentials for skeletal muscles.
Neuroglia form part of the blood-brain barrier.
Neuroglia produce action potentials for skeletal muscles.
