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AnaPhy Lab > Week 16: Digestive System > Flashcards

Week 16: Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

Absorb nutrients

Eliminate wastes

Ingest food

Regulate blood pH

A

Regulate blood pH

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2
Q

T/F: Actions of the digestive system

  1. Ingestion
  2. Mastication
  3. Propulsion
  4. Mixing
  5. Secretion
  6. Digestion
  7. Absorption
  8. Elimination of waste
  9. Filter blood
  10. Regulate the immune system
  11. Regulate metabolic rate
A 
True
True
True
True
True
True
True
True
False
False
False
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3
Q

Which of the following tunics contains blood vessels, nerves, and small glands?

Muscularis

Serosa or adventitia

Submucosa

Mucosa

A

Submucosa

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4
Q

Which of the following correctly lists the three layers of the tooth?

A

Enamel, dentin, pulp

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5
Q

What are the salivary glands located just anterior to each ear?

A

Parotid glands

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6
Q

Which phase of swallowing that involves the epiglottis covering the opening of the larynx?

A

Pharyngeal phase

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7
Q

During the ____, a bolus of food is pushed by the tongue.

A

voluntary phase

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8
Q

During the ____, the soft palate is elevated, closing off the nasopharynx.

A

pharyngeal phase

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9
Q

The ____ is pushed down over the opening to the ____ as it is forced into the esophagus.

A

epiglottis; larynx

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10
Q

The ____ relaxes allowing the bolus to enter the esophagus.

A

upper esophageal sphincter

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11
Q

During the ____, the bolus moves toward the stomach.

A

esophageal phase

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12
Q

What stomach parts connects with the small intestine?

A

Pyloric part

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13
Q

What is the substance secreted by the chief cells of the gastric glands?

A

Pepsinogen

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14
Q

Which phase of gastric secretion is stimulated by distention of the stomach?

A

Gastric phase

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15
Q

Which of the following increases the surface area of the individual columnar epithelial cells within the small intestine?

A

Microvilli

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16
Q

Which of the following is responsible for movement of chyme in the small intestine?

A

Peristaltic contractions

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17
Q

Match the enzyme with the major food type that it helps to digest.

Chymotrypsin
Pepsin
Salivary amylase
Disaccharidases
Carboxypeptidase
Trypsin
Peptidases
Pancreatic amylase
A 
Proteins
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Proteins
Proteins
Carbohydrates
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18
Q

Which of the following describes the blood in the hepatic portal vein?

Carries deoxygenated blood away from liver

Carries oxygenated blood to liver

Carries blood rich in nutrients from digestive organs to liver

Carries blood rich in nutrients from liver to other digestive organs

A

Carries blood rich in nutrients from digestive organs to liver

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19
Q

Which of the following an effect of secretin on the pancreas?

The pancreas is inhibited from releasing pancreatic juice.

The pancreas releases more enzymes in the pancreatic juice.

The pancreas releases more bicarbonate in the pancreatic juice.

The pancreas releases more hydrochloric acid in the pancreatic juice.

A

The pancreas releases more bicarbonate in the pancreatic juice.

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20
Q

Match the pancreatic secretion with the correct function.

  1. Trypsin
  2. Pancreatic amylase
  3. Pancreatic lipase
  4. Bicarbonate ions
A

Digests proteins
Digests carbohydrates
Digests lipids
Neutralizes acid

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21
Q

Which of the following is where the small and large intestine meet?

A

Ileocecal junction

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22
Q

What causes the release of fecal material?

A

Defecation reflex

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23
Q

Match the type of event that occurs in the large intestine with its description.

Powerful contractions; propels fecal material toward rectum

A

Mass movements

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24
Q

Match the type of event that occurs in the large intestine with its description.

Elimination of feces

A

Defecation

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25
Q

Match the type of event that occurs in the large intestine with its description.

Usually weak and sluggish ripple-like muscle contractions

A

Peristaltic contraction

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26
Q

Most glucose is absorbed in the epithelial cells of the small intestine by

A

cotransport with Na+.

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27
Q

Put in correct order:

Glucose moves out of the intestinal epithelial cells by facilitated diffusion.

Glucose enters the capillaries of the intestinal villi and is carried through the hepatic portal vein to the liver.

Glucose is absorbed through cotransport with sodium into intestinal epithelial cells.

Symport is driven by a gradient established by a sodium-potassium pump.

A

Glucose is absorbed through cotransport with sodium into intestinal epithelial cells.

Symport is driven by a gradient established by a sodium-potassium pump.

Glucose moves out of the intestinal epithelial cells by facilitated diffusion.

Glucose enters the capillaries of the intestinal villi and is carried through the hepatic portal vein to the liver.

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28
Q

increases surface area of lipid droplets for lipid digestion

A

Emulsification

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29
Q

Movement of water out of the large intestine occurs by

A

osmosis

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30
Q

T/F Water can move either direction across the wall of the small intestine; osmotic gradients across the epithelium determine the direction of its movement.

A

True

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31
Q

T/F Because of the osmotic gradient produced as nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine, nearly all water that enters by way of the oral cavity, stomach, or intestinal secretions is excreted.

A

False

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32
Q

T/F Potassium, calcium, chloride, magnesium and phosphate ions all move passively through the intestinal wall of the duodenum and jejunum following positively charged sodium ions.

33
Q

Which is a change in the digestive system associated with aging?

Decreased mucin secretion

Thinning of the tunica muscularis

Decreased enzyme secretion

Decreased replacement of epithelial cells

34
Q

True or False: These changes occur in the digestive system with aging.

  1. Thickening of the mucosal layer
  2. Decreased absorption of nutrients
  3. Increased susceptibility to infections and toxins
  4. Blood supply decreases
  5. Increased motility
  6. Exposed dentin of teeth
A 
False
True
True
True
False
True
35
Q

Drag in a logical order escribing gastric movements and process of stomach emptying:

The more fluid part of chyme is pushed toward the opening.

Stronger contractions result in peristaltic waves which force a few milliliters of the most fluid part of the stomach contents through the opening into the duodenum.

Relatively weak contractions initiated in the body of the stomach result in mixing waves that progress toward the pyloric sphincter.

A

Relatively weak contractions initiated in the body of the stomach result in mixing waves that progress toward the pyloric sphincter.

The more fluid part of chyme is pushed toward the opening.

Stronger contractions result in peristaltic waves which force a few milliliters of the most fluid part of the stomach contents through the opening into the duodenum.

36
Q

T/F Peritonitis is inflammation of the pleural membranes.

A

False

Explanation:

It is an inflammation of peritoneal membranes

37
Q

____ provides bulk in the diet which facilitates movement of material through the digestive tract.

38
Q

____ binds fat and cholesterol in the intestines, lowering low-density lipoprotein concentrations in the blood, and slows the absorption of glucose, preventing a glucose surge and insulin spike.

A

Soluble fiber

39
Q

____ pushes food through the intestinal tract, preventing constipation, and dilutes carcinogens

A

Insoluble fiber

40
Q

____ is found primarily in two types of lipoproteins.

A

Cholesterol

41
Q

____ lipoproteins are commonly considered ____ because they deposit cholesterol in arterial walls, which leads to ____.

A

Low-density; bad; atherosclerosis

42
Q

____ lipoproteins are considered ____ because it transports cholesterol to the liver for removal from the body by excretion in the bile.

A

High-density; good

43
Q

A ____ HDL/LDL ratio in the bloodstream is related to a lower risk of ____.

A

high; heart disease

44
Q

Aerobic exercise is one way to ____ HDL and ____ LDL levels.

A

elevate; decrease

45
Q

Chyme movement through the small intestine is due to _______, which includes waves of involuntary muscle contractions.

A

peristalsis

46
Q

Hydrochloric acid is secreted in the

47
Q

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the

A

small intestine

48
Q

What organ produces bile?

49
Q

Which of the following is the correct order for the major regions of the gastrointestinal tract?

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine

Mouth, stomach, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine

Mouth, small intestine, stomach, esophagus, large intestine

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

50
Q

Involuntary muscle contractions which move a bolus through the gastrointestinal tract are called

A

peristalsis

51
Q

Which of the following hormones stimulates gastric gland secretions?

52
Q

Which of the following occurs during the intestinal phase of gastric secretion?

Gastrin begins to be secreted by the lower part of the stomach.

Hydrochloric acid and pepsin secretion is stimulated in the upper and middle parts of the stomach.

Tactile sensation of food in the mouth sends nervous impulses to the medulla oblongata.

53
Q

Which of the following inhibits secretion from the gastric glands?

A

Low pH in the duodenum

54
Q

T/F The medulla oblongata can stimulate or inhibit gastric secretion.

55
Q

T/F Distention of the stomach stimulates activity of the gastric glands.

56
Q

Mass movements of the colon are controlled by

A

the enteric plexus.

57
Q

Defecation is stimulated by

A

parasympathetic reflexes and local reflexes

58
Q

T/F Defecation reflexes are stimulated by the presence of feces in the rectum.

59
Q

T/F Mass movements of the colon propel its contents toward the rectum.

60
Q

Mass movements in the colon are stimulated by

A

food in the stomach and chyme in the duodenum.

61
Q

_______ of chyme are the primary mechanical events that occur in the small intestine.

A

Mixing and propulsion

62
Q

_______proceed along the length of the intestine for variable distances
and cause the chyme to move along the small intestine.

A

Peristaltic contractions

63
Q

_______ are propagated for only short distances and mix intestinal contents.

A

Segmental contractions

64
Q

The _______ sphincter at the juncture of the ileum and the large intestine remains mildly contracted most of the time.

65
Q

Muscle contractions reaching the sphincter from the small intestine cause the sphincter to _______ and allow chyme to move from the small intestine into the _______.

A

relax; cecum

66
Q

Place in order the sentences to describe the flow of bile and pancreatic secretions through the duct system of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Pancreatic secretions may also enter this structure through an accessory pancreatic duct

The common hepatic duct combines with the cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct.

The hepatic ducts from the liver lobes combine to form the common hepatic duct.

The common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct and the combined duct empties into the duodenum.

A

The hepatic ducts from the liver lobes combine to form the common hepatic duct.

The common hepatic duct combines with the cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct.

The common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct and the combined duct empties into the duodenum.

Pancreatic secretions may also enter this structure through an accessory pancreatic duct.

67
Q

Chemical digestion of disaccharides occurs in the ________.

A

small intestine

68
Q

Amylase promotes the partial digestion of ______.

A

carbohydrates

69
Q

T/F The small intestine is composed of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

70
Q

Which of the following is not part of the digestive tract?

Mouth

Pancreas

Rectum

Esophagus

A

Pancreas

Explanation:

The digestive tract includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. The pancreas is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

71
Q

Which of the following is not an accessory organ of the digestive tract?

Pancreas

Gallbladder

Anus

Liver

A

Anus

Explanation:

The pancreas, liver, and gallbladder are accessory organs of the digestive tract. The anus is the last section of the digestive tract.

72
Q

After food is broken down by digestive enzymes and stomach acid it is called __________.

73
Q

Which of the following enzymes is found in saliva?

Betaine

Amylase

Lipase

Cellulase

A

Amylase

Explanation:

Amylase is the enzyme found in saliva. Amylase breaks down carbohydrates.

74
Q

A baby’s first set of teeth are called __________.

A

deciduous teeth

75
Q

Carbohydrates are broken down into several simple sugars called __________.

A

monosaccharides

76
Q

Which transporters are responsible for transporting monosaccharides across the intestinal cell membrane into the cell?

A

Sodium glucose

77
Q

Which transporters are responsible for transporting monosaccharides out of the cell?

78
Q

What are proteins broken down into?

A

Amino acids

79
Q

Bile acid droplets are also known as __________.

AnaPhy Lab (10 decks)

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