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AnaPhy Lab > Week 17: Urinary System > Flashcards

Week 17: Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Arrange the following structures in correct sequence through which urine flows.

  1. Ureter
  2. Renal pelvis
  3. Calyx
  4. Urinary bladder
  5. Urethra
A

3, 2, 1, 4, 5

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2
Q

Which of the following are functions of the urinary system?

  1. Vitamin D synthesis
  2. Excretion
  3. Regulation of red blood cell synthesis
  4. Regulation of the concentration of solutes in the blood
  5. Regulation of blood volume and pressure
  6. Chemical digestion
A

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

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3
Q

Which is not a function of the urinary system?

Regulation of blood volume

Excretion of wastes

Regulation of erythrocyte production

Regulation of lymphocyte production

Storage of urine

A

Regulation of lymphocyte production

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4
Q

Which of the following is the first structure in the kidney to collect newly formed urine?

A

Calyx

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5
Q

Order the following structures that filtrate passes through as it is formed and modified to become urine.

a. Capsular space of glomerulus
b. Loop of Henle
c. Collecting duct
d. Distal convoluted tubule
e. Proximal convoluted tubule

A

a, e, b, d, c

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6
Q

T/F Dilation of the afferent arteriole would increase glomerular capillary pressure.

A

True

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7
Q

Which portion of the renal tubule is the primary site for absorption of nutrients and water?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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8
Q

Most of the water and NaCl reabsorption takes place in the _____.

A

proximal convoluted tubule

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9
Q

In the thin segment of the descending loop of Henle, filtrate concentration is _____ to interstitial fluid concentration.

A

equal

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10
Q

The ascending loop of Henle is _____ to water.

A

impermeable

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11
Q

Solutes pass _____ the ascending loop of Henle via diffusion or transport mechanisms.

A

out of

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12
Q

Water and NaCl are _____ at the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts.

A

reabsorbed

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13
Q

As the filtrate travels through the ascending loop of Henle, its concentration is _____.

A

reduced

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14
Q

Na+ reabsorption is a(n) __________ process, while Cl- reabsoprtion is a(n) __________ process.

A

active; passive

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15
Q

Indicate whether each of the following substances is reabsorbed from the filtrate or secreted into the filtrate.

Ammonia
Glucose
Water
Drugs
H+
HCO3-
Amino acids
VItamins
A

Secreted:
Ammonia
Drugs
H+

Reabsorbed:
Glucose
Water
HCO3-
Amino acids
Vitamins
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16
Q

An increase of ADH causes the kidneys to ________ the reabsorption of water, resulting in the production of _______ urine.

A

increase; less

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17
Q

Match the effect of the hormone with its effect on extracellular fluid water volume and osmolarity.

Hormone:

Following an increase in aldosterone levels

Following secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone

Following secretion of antidiuretic hormone

A

Effect on ECF Water Volume:
Retain water
Eliminate water
Retain water

Effect on ECF Water Osmolarity:
Decrease osmolarity
Increase osmolarity
Decrease osmolarity

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18
Q

Order the structures through which urine passes.

a. Trigone of urinary bladder
b. Urethra
c. Ureter
d. Urinary bladder

A

c, d, a, b

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19
Q

Where is the micturition reflex initiated?

A

Urinary bladder

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20
Q

The ____________ fluid compartment of the body consists of all of the fluid inside the cells, while the ______________ fluid compartment consists of fluid outside the cells, such as interstitial fluid and plasma.

A

intracellular; extracellular

21
Q

The movement of water and electrolytes between fluid compartments is regulated primarily by

A

hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure.

22
Q

Match the listed control mechanism with the ion it regulates.

  1. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, atrial natriuretic hormone, and antidiuretic hormone
  2. Aldosterone
  3. Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
A

Sodium
Potassium
Calcium

23
Q

The kidneys help to regulate the pH of body fluids by controlling the

A

excretion of hydrogen ions.

24
Q

Match the component of the urinary system with its description.

  1. Carries the urine from the kidneys.
  2. Transports the urine to the outside of the body.
  3. Hollow, muscular container that stores urine.
A

Ureters
Urethra
Bladder

25
Q

Potassium levels in the body are regulated by

A

aldosterone.

26
Q

An increase in blood CO2 levels is followed by a(n) ____ in H+ ions and a(n) ____ in blood pH.

A

increase; decrease

27
Q

When urination is desired, relaxation of the eternal urethral sphincter is caused by decreased action potentials along which of the following?

A

Somatic motor neurons

28
Q

When the urinary bladder becomes stretched, there is an increase in the frequency of action potentials traveling from

A

the urinary bladder to the sacral region of the spinal cord.

29
Q

In response to impulses from the urinary bladder, which of the following cause the smooth muscle on the urinary bladder to contract?

A

Parasympathetic neurons from the spinal cord to the urinary bladder

30
Q

T/F If urination is not convenient, the brain sends impulses down the spinal cord to inhibit the micturition reflex.

A

True

31
Q

T/F The micturition reflex is coordinated by neurons in the spinal cord.

A

True

32
Q

Match the following labels as being associated with either acidosis or alkalosis.

Blood pH > 7.45

Hydrogen ion concentration decreases

Blood pH < 7.35

DCT responds by secreting more H+

DCT responds by secreting less H+

Hydrogen ion concentration increases

A

Acidosis:
Blood pH < 7.35
Hydrogen ion concentration increases
DCT responds by secreting more H+

Alkalosis:
Blood pH > 7.45
Hydrogen ion concentration decreases
DCT responds by secreting less H+

33
Q

The kidneys play a vital role in several ____processes that maintain the homeostasis of the body

A

regulatory

34
Q

The kidneys are capable of producing either a large volume of ____ urine or a small volume of ____ urine which plays a role in the regulation of ____.

A

dilute; concentrated; blood pressure and blood volume

35
Q

The kidneys are involved in the regulation of ____. Hormones, such as ____ help regulate the concentrations of important ions like ____ in the blood.

A

solute concentrations in the blood; aldosterone; sodium

36
Q

The kidneys help regulate the ____ by excreting variable amounts of ____ ions.

A

pH of the extracellular fluid; hydrogen

37
Q

Put the sentences in the order that the events occur during the micturition reflex.

Action potentials are carried by parasympathetic nerves to contract the smooth muscles of the urinary bladder.

Receptors in the bladder wall generate action potentials.

Action potentials travel along pelvic nerves to the sacral region of the spinal cord.

The bladder stretches.

Decreased action potentials carried by somatic motor nerves cause the skeletal muscle of the external urinary sphincter to relax.

A

The bladder stretches.

Receptors in the bladder wall generate action potentials.

Action potentials travel along pelvic nerves to the sacral region of the spinal cord.

Action potentials are carried by parasympathetic nerves to contract the smooth muscles of the urinary bladder.

Decreased action potentials carried by somatic motor nerves cause the skeletal muscle of the external urinary sphincter to relax.

38
Q

Classify each action by the kidney in the appropriate category.

Aldosterone secretion increases

Increased potassium secretion

Less potassium in the urine

Decreased potassium secretion

More potassium in the urine

Aldosterone secretion decreases

A

Kidney response to high blood potassium levels:
Aldosterone secretion increases
Increased potassium secretion
More potassium in the urine

Kidney response to low blood potassium levels:
Aldosterone secretion decreases
Less potassium in the urine
Decreased potassium secretion

39
Q

Diuretics effect:

Increases renal blood flow and the rate of glomerular filtrate formation

A

caffeine

40
Q

Diuretics effect:

Elevates the osmotic concentration of the filtrate

A

osmotic diuretic

41
Q

Diuretics effect:

Promotes the loss of sodium, chlorine, and water in the urine

A

sodium ion reabsorption inhibitor

42
Q

T/F Infection by the bacterium E. coli is the most common cause of cystitis.

A

True

43
Q

An ultrasound technique that pulverizes kidney stones into small particles is referred to as

A

lithotripsy

44
Q

When blood pH decreases, what occurs to correct the imbalance?

A

The respiratory center increases the breathing rate

45
Q

If the blood pH level decreases, the kidneys increase the rate of ______ to help maintain proper pH balance.

A

bicarbonate reabsorption

46
Q

During a boxing match, Miguel was punched in the back in his upper right abdominal quadrant. Two hours after the match, Miguel noticed blood in his urine. What do you suspect caused this bleeding?

A

Miguel suffered a fractured rib that punctured his right kidney.

47
Q

Norma has just finished going through menopause and can now feel a “bump” in her perineum when she wipes after urinating. After visiting her urologist, she has learned that she has a prolapsed bladder (cystocele). It is determined that a device (pessary) will be nonsurgically placed in order to best hold the bladder in place. Within which pelvic organ(s) will the pessary be placed?

A

Vagina

48
Q

After delivering her third child, Jenna has noticed urine leakage whenever she sneezes or coughs (stress incontinence). Her doctor has provided a prescription for an anticholinergic medication that works by relaxing the muscles of the bladder. Which muscle in particular will be most beneficial to target by the medication?

A

Detrusor

AnaPhy Lab (10 decks)

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