Week 15: Respiratory System Flashcards
For a gas, the direction of diffusion is determined by
partial pressure differences
Which of the following statements about partial pressures of gases in the blood and lungs is true?
PO2 in lung is greater than PO2 in blood; PCO2 in lung is greater than PCO2 in blood
PO2 in lung is greater than PO2 in blood; PCO2 in lung is less than PCO2 in blood
PO2 in lung is greater than PO2 in blood; PCO2 in lung = PCO2 in blood
PO2 in lung is less than PO2 in blood; PCO2 in lung is less than PCO2 in blood
PO2 in lung is less than PO2 in blood; PCO2 in lung is greater than PCO2 in blood
PO2 in lung is greater than PO2 in blood; PCO2 in lung is less than PCO2 in blood
Which of the following statements about partial pressures of gases in the blood and tissues is true?
PO2 in blood is greater than PO2 in tissues; PCO2 in blood is greater than PCO2 in tissues
PO2 in blood is greater than PO2 in tissues; PCO2 in blood = PCO2 in tissues
PO2 in blood is less than PO2 in tissues; PCO2 in blood is less than PCO2 in tissues
PO2 in blood is greater than PO2 in tissues; PCO2 in blood is less than PCO2 in tissues
PO2 in blood is less than PO2 in tissues; PCO2 in blood is greater than PCO2 in tissues
PO2 in blood is greater than PO2 in tissues; PCO2 in blood is less than PCO2 in tissues
T/F Oxygen-rich blood is carried through pulmonary arteries from the lungs to the heart.
False
Explanation: Deoxygenated blood is carried from the heart to the lungs (so it can become oxygenated).
T/F Oxygen-poor blood is carried through systemic veins from the body tissues back to the heart.
True
The direction of gas movement is determined by
partial pressure differences
Inspiration begins as
the diaphragm contracts
During inspiration there is
increased alveolar volume causes decreased alveolar pressure
During expiration there is
decreased alveolar volume causes increased alveolar pressure
T/F The alveoli never attain equal pressure with the atmospheric air.
False
T/F As the volume in the alveoli increases, the pressure decreases.
True
At the arterial ends of the pulmonary capillaries
the PO2 is higher in the capillaries than in the alveoli.
the PO2 is lower in the capillaries than in the alveoli.
the PO2 is equal in the capillaries and in the alveoli.
the PO2 is lower in the capillaries than in the alveoli.
At the venous ends of the pulmonary capillaries
the PCO2 is equal in the capillaries and in the alveoli.
the PCO2 is higher in the capillaries than in the alveoli.
the PCO2 is lower in the capillaries than in the alveoli.
the PCO2 is equal in the capillaries and in the alveoli.
For structures at the arterial ends of tissue capillaries, select the correct order of highest PO2 to lowest PO2 values.
Capillaries, tissue fluid, cells
T/F When partial pressures for a given gas are equal between the capillaries and the tissue fluids, no net movement of that gas occurs.
True
T/F Gasses diffuse from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure.
True
At the arterial end of the pulmonary capillaries,
O2 diffuses from the blood into the alveoli, while CO2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood.
both O2 and CO2 diffuse from the blood into the alveoli.
both O2 and CO2 diffuse from the alveoli into the blood.
O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood, but there is no net movement of CO2.
O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood, while CO2 diffuses from the blood into the alveoli.
O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood, while CO2 diffuses from the blood into the alveoli.
At the arterial end of the tissue capillaries,
O2 diffuses from tissue cells into the blood, while CO2 diffuses from the blood into tissue cells.
both O2 and CO2 diffuse from the blood into tissue cells.
both O2 and CO2 diffuse from tissue cells into the blood.
O2 diffuses from the blood into tissue cells, but there is no net movement of CO2.
O2 diffuses from the blood into tissue cells, while CO2 diffuses from tissue cells into the blood.
O2 diffuses from the blood into tissue cells, while CO2 diffuses from tissue cells into the blood.
T/F The partial pressure of a gas can be measured in millimeters of mercury.
True
T/F At the venous end of tissue capillaries, there is no net movement of O2 and CO2 because an equilibrium has been reached.
True
Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?
Olfaction
Taste
Innate immunity
Voice production
Regulation of blood pH
Taste
Arrange the following structures in the order air passes through them during inhalation.
(1) alveolar ducts
(2) alveolus
(3) respiratory bronchiole
(4) terminal bronchiole
4, 3, 1, 2
Gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood takes place across the walls of the
alveoli
Expiration during quiet breathing
occurs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax.
For air to flow into or out of the lungs, there must be
a pressure gradient established between the atmosphere and the alveoli.
What type of alveolar cells produce surfactant?
Type II pneumocytes
Calculate the vital capacity of an individual with an inspiratory reserve volume of 3200 mL, a tidal volume of 525 mL, and an expiratory reserve volume of 900 mL.
4625 mL
A decrease in the surface area of the respiratory membrane will cause the rate of gas diffusion to
decrease
Arrange the following in order from highest to lowest PO2.
(1) PO2 of pulmonary veins
(2) PO2 of pulmonary artery
(3) PO2 of alveolar air
3, 1, 2
Most oxygen is carried in the blood ______, whereas most carbon dioxide is ________.
bound to hemoglobin; transported as bicarbonate
Rhythmicity of breathing involves
conscious effort and control.
stimulation of expiration; inspiration is a passive process.
the pontine respiratory group.
the pre-Bötzinger complex of the ventral respiratory group.
the pre-Bötzinger complex of the ventral respiratory group.
The Hering-Breuer reflex
helps prevent overinflation of the lungs.
A(n) ________ in blood CO2 levels causes a(n) _________ in blood pH, resulting in a(n) __________ in breathing rate.
increase; decrease; increase
Which of the following is not a respiratory adaptation to exercise training?
Increased minute ventilation after training
Which of the following is an effect of aging on the respiratory system?
Residual volume increases.
Check all that are a function of the respiratory system.
Respiration
Voice production
Hormone production
Regulation of blood pH
Nutrient absorption
Olfaction
Protection from microorganisms
Respiration
Voice production
Regulation of blood pH
Olfaction
Protection from microorganisms
Visible structure on the face
External nose
Extends from the nares to the choanae
Nasal cavity
Common opening for digestive and respiratory systems
Pharynx
Located posterior to the choanae and superior to the soft palate
Nasopharynx
Extends from the soft palate to the epiglottis
Oropharynx
Extends from the tip of the epiglottis to the esophagus
Laryngopharynx
Passageway for air; extends from the base of the tongue to the trachea
Larynx
Windpipe; membranous tube attached to the larynx
Trachea
Large, conical shaped organs of respiration
Lungs
Small, air-filled chambers for where gas exchange takes place
Alveoli
T/F The left lung has two lobes and right lung has three.
True
T/F The cardiac notch is located on the hilum.
False