Week 8 (Infancy/Toddlerhood Socioemotional Development) Flashcards
5 Features of Emotions
(lewis et al., 1985)
- Emotion elicitors/triggers
- Physiological changes
- Cognitive appraisal
- Emotional expression
- Communicative function
Emotional Expression: Primary/Basic emotions (birth or 1st year)
happiness, fear, anger, sadness,
surprise, and disgust
Emotional Expression: Secondary/complex emotions (2nd year)
Self-conscious emotions:
Embarrassment, pride, guilt, and shame
Positive Emotions:
1. What is the first sign of happiness in infancy?
- Smile differences throughout development
- First clear sign of happiness: smiling
2.
- Newborns: brief and can occur during sleep
- 3-8-week: smile to external stimuli
- 6-week to 3-month: social smiles (directed to people)
- 4-month: smile in response to familiar others’ smiles
- 7-month: smiles more to familiar people
- 12-month: different smiles in different situations and to different people (open smile, laughs, reserve smiles)
Negative Emotions:
1. What is the first sign of negative emotion in infancy?
- Which Negative Emotions are common in Infancy?
- Generalized distress (first sign)
- Anger: grow in intensity and frequency from 4-16 months
- Fear: Evolutionary origins: adaptive
Negative Emotions:
Why is fear in infancy a more ambiguous concept?
Attentional bias or physiological “fear”?
- Infants may be biased to attend to potentially threatening stimuli, without being afraid (ie: a baby may react more to a tiger than a toy, but does not necessarily mean baby is in “Fear”)
- What type of emotion involves a sense of self-awareness and
based on others’ perceptions? - Examples of this type of emotion
- Secondary or Complex / Self-conscious emotions (2nd year)
- embarrassment, pride, guilt, and shame
- In Self-Conscious emotions, Embarrassment emerges only after a child _________________________
- Can recognize self
- Mirror recognition test
Discriminating Emotions: Emotional Content and Different Modalities
Matching Studies: whether infants
match emotional content across
different modalities
* 5-month: match the vocalization to
congruent facial expression (e.g., Smiling face
- happy voice; Upset face - sad voice)
* 1-yr: positive emotions to positive events
* 2-yr: negative emotions to negative events
(Unfinished / Can make into a better question)
Emotional Understanding: Using Emotional Information
- The use of social information (facial expression, voice) in ambiguous situations (ie; Treating objects based off others’ expressed emotion)
- At what point in infancy does this begin?
- Social referencing
- (* Avoid – fear)
- (* Approach - happy) - 12-months (but not 10-months old or under)?? (Double Check Slide)
Three developmental patterns of emotional regulation
- 1-yr: Caregiver- to self-regulation
- Behavioral to cognitive strategies
- Selection of appropriate strategies
The monitoring, evaluating, and moderating
of emotional responses (Calkins & Hall, 2007)
Emotional Regulation
The capacity to voluntarily regulate
attention and behaviors when responding to
emotionally challenging situations (Eisenberg,
Smith, Spinrad, 2019; Rothbart & Bates, 2006)
**Effortful Control ** (Part of Emotional Regulation)
suppression of a dominant/preferred response in favor of an
acceptable response (Diamond, 1991; Eisenberg et
al., 2010)
Inhibitory control
Effortful Control can be both _________ & ____________
Attentional or behavioral