Week 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Emotional Reactivity During Adolescence

A

High intensity of emotions during
adolescence
* Methods of study: Experience sampling
& daily diaries
– Frequent fluctuations in emotions in a day
– Not happy doing schoolwork or being alone
– Choice is key: Adolescents are happy when
doing things they choose to do

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2
Q

record emotions, behaviors, etc. on a daily or regular basis when being prompted

A

Experience sampling

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3
Q

rate emotions on
a daily basis and for an
extended number of days or
weeks to assess emotional
experiences over time

A

Daily Diary

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4
Q

Emotional Valence in Adolescents

A

*” Positive or negative emotion experiences”
* Longitudinal studies show changes over time:
– Mostly, teens experience happiness most (> 70% of the time)
– Happiness declines, while anger, sadness, and anxiety increase from 13-18 years of age

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5
Q

Adolescent Depression

A
  • When negative emotions become painful,
    they can signal depression
    – Negative symptoms experienced nearly every day,
    such as constant sadness, diminished interest and
    pleasure in activities, social withdrawal, significant
    weight loss/gain, and feelings of worthlessness.
  • Sex differences in depression
    – Girls > boys, perhaps due to rumination
    – But boys > girls in suicide
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6
Q

– Negative symptoms experienced nearly every day,
such as constant sadness, diminished interest and
pleasure in activities, social withdrawal, significant
weight loss/gain, and feelings of worthlessness

A

depression

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7
Q

Adolescent Depression: Diagnosis and treatment

A
  • Diagnosing
    – Many being overlooked/masked
  • Treating depression
    – CBT (thoughts, feelings, and behaviors)
    – Family-system-approach: working with the person, caregivers, and other family members
    – Antidepressants in conjunction
    (severe)
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8
Q

Warning Signs of Suicide

A

Talk, Behaviour, Mood

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9
Q

manage and integrate thoughts, emotions, and
behaviors to attain goals

A

Self-regulation

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10
Q

Self-Regulation in Adolescence

A

– High impulsiveness
– Relatively high risk-taking
– High sensation-seeking

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11
Q

Studying Self-Regulation

A

– Self-report (rating)
– Delay discounting tasks
– Simulated driving study (Steinberg)

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12
Q

Contexts of Emotional Development in Adolescence

A
  • Family context:
    – Risk factors: Low supportiveness, harsh
    punishment, toxic interactions, poverty
  • Peer context:
    – Peers provide emotional support but also
    increase risk-taking
  • Neighborhood context:
    – Extracurricular activities benefit teens
    – Neighborhood poverty = risk of emotional or
    behavioral problems
    – However, there is also a “cost of privilege”
    (Luthar & Barkin, 2012)
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13
Q

Relationships with Parents in Adolscence

A
  • Closeness and attachment
    – Continues to be important
    – Adult Attachment Interview (AAI): open-ended
    questions Autonomous, dismissive, preoccupied
  • Conflict with parents
    – Normative and healthy part of teens’ growing autonomy
    – What matters is how conflicts are resolved
  • Monitoring and Disclosure
    – Monitoring associated with positive outcomes (e.g., low
    substance use; regulated internet use)
    –** Selective disclosure (boys > girls in hiding information
    from parents)**
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14
Q

Relationships with Siblings in Adolescence:
Why are siblings unique?

A

– Common history
– Longest lifetime relationships (outlive parents)
– Obligatory not optional
* Nature & quality of sibling relationships
– Power differentials between older & younger decline
– Quality relates to romantic and other relationships
– Viewing differential sibling treatment by parents
relates to negative psychological and behavioral
outcomes

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15
Q

Immigrant Context of Adolescent-Parent Relationship:
Challenge to teens of navigating two cultures

A

– May create conflict relationships
– Some adolescents may not
understand the hardships their
parents sacrificed, and instead
experience emotional disconnect

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16
Q

Relationships with Peers
* Changes in friendships from childhood to adolescence

A

– Compatibility: Growing similarities between friends
– Stability: more enduring over time
– Reciprocity: Two-way street (trust and intimacy)
– Respect for individuality
– High levels of possessiveness and jealousy

17
Q

Bullying in Adolescence

A
  • Bullying
    – Physical aggression (decrease over adolescence)
    – Verbal aggression (decrease over adolescence)
    – Relational aggression (increasing)
    – Cyberbullying (increasing)
  • Anti-bullying programs
    – Many are not effective
    – Effective approaches include teaching teens that
    personality is “malleable”, not fixed
18
Q

– Small friendship-based groups
– Intensive interactions and emotional
involvement among members

A

Cliques

19
Q

– Loosely-connected groups of individuals who
share reputation-based stereotypes
– Offer an identity w/n an organized social
structure
– But may lead to stereotyping, judgement,
and limited exploration of other identities

A

Crowds

20
Q

Social Media in Adolescence

A
  • Benefits
    – Emotional connection
    – Prosocial interactions
    – Protective from geographic or social
    isolation
  • Risks
    – Overuse
    – Misuse & disclosing too much
    – Online harassment and unwanted
    exposure to sexually explicit material