Week 8: Graphical communication

Question 1

Communication definition

Answer 1

The transmission of information from one person to another by speech (sound or visual, e.g sign language), writing or signs

Question 2

Graphic communication definition

Answer 2

The use of a picture to convey information to somebody else

Question 3

Writing is a form of communication using

Answer 3

Symbols

Question 4

Symbols have many purposes, most of which can be distilled down into three overarching categories

Answer 4

To identify, To describe, To creat value

Question 5

Symbols began as _______, which became simpler and in some languages, developed into letters which were a much simpler form

Answer 5

Pictographs

Question 6

Reason behind the creation of symbols

Answer 6

Simplified depiction of a concept, usually requires context to understand

Question 7

Skeuomorphism

Answer 7

Interface objects that mimic their real world counterparts in how they appear and/or how the user can interact with them (such as save button that is depicted as floppy disk)

Question 8

Spatial literacy definition

Answer 8

1. The ability to think clearly and express ideas relating to the form, position and orientation of objects in three-dimensional space

Question 9

Technical drawing definition

Answer 9

A specialised graphic language that represents the mental processes of design brought to reality in a tangible form, and as an accurate message in communication

Question 10

All technical drawings must

Answer 10

Convey precisely, without ambiguity, the message intended, and leave no room for misinterpretation, or at worst, an inaccurate conclusion

Question 11

The author of a drawing must

Answer 11

Have a clear conception of the object of interest to be able to make a clear drawing

Question 12

Engineering drawings are different from

Answer 12

Cadastral and topographic drawings

Question 13

Types of projections

Answer 13

Perspective (central), Orthographic (parralel), Axonometric, Oblique

Question 14

Projection definition

Answer 14

The method of representing a 3D object in a 2D space

Question 15

Orthographic projection definition

Answer 15

A form of parallel projection where the view direction is orthogonal (perpendicular) to the projection plane

Question 16

Engineering drawings are typically comprised of multi-view orthographic projections

Answer 16

Top/bottom, right side/left side, front/back

Question 17

Orthographic projection is a form of

Answer 17

Graphical communication

Question 18

Orthographic projection was developed for the purpose of

Answer 18

Communicating information about physical objects (part of a universal system of drawings)

Question 19

In simple terms Orthographic drawings are

Answer 19

Views (front, side, top, etc) of an object

Question 20

Third angle and first angle projections are

Answer 20

Modern orthographic projection that are defined by a reference system of two viewing planes, Horizontal (ground) and Vertical (backdrop)

Question 21

Horizontal and vertical planes partition 3D space into 4 quadrants which were labelled

Answer 21

I, II, III, IV

Question 22

Third angle multi-view orthographic projections place the object in quadrant

Answer 22

III, i.e below the H plane and behind the V plane, the planes are transparent and each view is pulled on to the plane closest to it

Question 23

First angle multi-view orthographic projections place the object in quadrant

Answer 23

I, i.e above the H plane and in front of the V plane, the planes are opaque and each view is pushed through the object onto the plane furthest from it

Question 24

All 6 external views are not always needed to describe an object, and certain views are selected to avoid

Answer 24

Hidden details and unnecessary repetition of detail (simplicity + clarity)

Question 25

It is usually sufficient to only show 3 views to fully describe an object. These are

Answer 25

Top, Front, Right (side)

Question 26

The archaelogical artifact that is the first account of cadastral surveying

Answer 26

Si427 - from Babylonian field
Contains plan view with dimensions and created to document the subdivision of a property

Question 27

In addition to the drawing, there are other non-drawing elements that provide information on the plan to help the viewer understand the plan content

Answer 27

1. Titleblock
2. Dimensions

Question 28

Title blocks should contain

Answer 28

1. Name of drafter
2. Name of company
3. Overall drawing title
4. Scale
5. Date
6. Sheet #
7. Job #
8. Notes

Question 29

Title block dimensions change based on

Answer 29

The size of the paper

Question 30

Engineering drawings have two primary functions

Answer 30

1. To allow the designer to visualize the design while it is being calculated
2. To allow the builder to construct the design once the drawing is completed

Question 31

A contractor should never have to

Answer 31

Scale off from an engineering drawing to determine a dimension

Question 32

Heights, widths, thicknesses, diameters, distances, etc all need to be

Answer 32

Conveyed clearly and with no ambiguity

Question 33

Most dimensioning problems can be solved by applying a few simple rules:

Answer 33

1. Dimensions need to be easily read, print clearly, and place well outside the outline of the most appropriate view wherever possible
2. Always include the minimum number of dimensions necessary
3. Don’t confuse the issue by repeating dimensions already shown in another view
4. Follow the same rules for dimension heights as for lettering heights

Question 34

The method of representing a 3d object in a 2D space is a form of

Answer 34

Parallel projection, where the view direction is orthogonal (perpendicular) to the projection plane

Question 35

3rd angle orthographic projection is composed of

Answer 35

Front (elevation), top (plan) and right (elevation) views

Question 36

3rd angle orthographic projection should have equal spacing between views which represents

Answer 36

The projection planes

Question 37

In 3rd angle orthographic projections, hidden elements are represented with

Answer 37

Dashed lines

Question 38

3D parallel projections are either

Answer 38

Axonometric or Oblique

Question 39

Axonometric projections are

Answer 39

Isometric, where all axis are scaled the same

Question 40

For oblique projections

Answer 40

1. The axes in the front face, typically X and Z are scaled the same
2. The receding axis, typically Y at a 45 degree angle is scaled differently to account for it being further away

Question 41

There are two different ways to depict a deciding Y scale

Answer 41

1. Cabinet / reduced scale
2. Cavalier / true scale

Question 42

Oblique drawings use

Answer 42

A true orthographic view for one face (the frontal face) of the object

Question 43

Which face is typically drawn on the front of the oblique box

Answer 43

1. Longest face
2. The exception to this rule is when the most complex shaped side is drawn on the front as opposed to the longest face

Question 44

It is quite common to draw the receding axis at a _____ degree angle to the horizontal

Answer 44

45

Question 45

If lines parallel to the receding axis are drawn at true scale length, then the drawing is called a

Answer 45

Cavaller drawing

Question 46

If receding lines are drawn at some fraction of the true scale length (e.g 1/2) the drawing is called

Answer 46

Cabinet drawing

Question 47

To minimise distortion in oblique drawings, receding lines are usually drawn between

Answer 47

1/2 and 3/4 full size

Question 48

An axonometric projection is an

Answer 48

Orthographic projection upon a plane oblique to the three principal planes.
When this plane makes equal angles with the principal planes, an isometric projection results

Question 49

An axonometric projection uses a ____ degree angle set square for the receding lines. and ______ for the vertical lines

Answer 49

30 degrees, verticals

Question 50

On axonometric projections, the three principal planes are thus represented by

Answer 50

Lines drawn with equal included angles (120 degree) hence the name isometric (greek for same measure)

Question 51

In axonometric drawings, true dimensions can only be laid off on lines parallel to

Answer 51

One of the three principal axes

Question 52

In axonometric drawings lines on the object that lie in other planes must be derived from

Answer 52

Their intersection with those planes

Question 53

In axonometric drawing, circles in the principal planes appear as ellipses with radii laid off at true length along each of the two axes within the plane.
Circles not in the principal planes must

Answer 53

First be plotted on the principal plane and then transferred to the proper position

Question 54

In axonometric drawing, it is typical to draw

Answer 54

An irregularly shaped object by first drawing a rectangular box that encloses it, locating the intersections of the objects lines on the bix and the completing the object drawing.