Week 3: Law II and Transformation of land

Question 1

Constitution

Answer 1

1. Supreme law of a country
2. A superior law of a country which sets out the frame work and the principal functions of the organs of government and provides for basic protection of individual rights

Question 2

Elements of constitution

Answer 2

1. Structure of institutions of government
2. Powers of the government
3. Limits on those powers
4. Relations between institutions of the government and relations between these institutions and the public
5. Protection of individual rights

Question 3

New Zealand constitution characteristics

Answer 3

1. Unwritten
2. Made up of several disparate elements
3. Follows the Westminster model
4. Flexible and incremental
5. It is a product of history, but not constraint by it
6. It has entrenched provisions

Question 4

Sources of NZ constitution

Answer 4

1. Rule of law
2. Legislation (Imperial and NZ)
3. Constitutional conventions
4. Letters patent of the governor general
5. Treaty of Waitangi

Question 5

The three powers of government

Answer 5

1. Legislature
2. Executive
3. Judiciary

Question 6

Westiminster constitutional system powers

Answer 6

1. The king
2. The governor general
3. Prime minister
4. Cabinet
5. Caucus
6. Parliaments
7. Judiciary

Question 7

Sovereign powers in NZ

Answer 7

1. The king of NZ - Charles III The crown
2. Represented in NZ by the governor general

Question 8

Governor general duties

Answer 8

1. To call parliament
2. To assent to bills passed by parliament
3. To appoint the prime minister
4. To chair the executive council
5. Reserve powers
6. To remove judges (on address of house of representatives)
7. To personal discretion (must follow directions from ministers of the crown)

Question 9

Executive components

Answer 9

1. Cabinet ministers (real decision making body)
2. Prime minister
3. Executive branch (includes public service)

Question 10

Cabinet ministers roles

Answer 10

1. Proposal for new legislation
2. Administration of government departments
3. Ratification of international treaties

Question 11

Prime minister roles

Answer 11

1. Cabinet agenda
2. Override other ministries

Question 12

Executive branch roles

Answer 12

1. Collects taxes
2. Pays social welfare

Question 13

Legislature/parliament components

Answer 13

1. Unicameral - 1950 (single chamber)
2. Sovereignty of the parliament
3. Forum for party political contest

Question 14

Legislature has the full power to make laws in NZ and to

Answer 14

1. Raise tax money to pay for the business of the government
2. Approve expenditure
3. Pass statutes
4. Act as a check on government

Question 15

Parliament committees

Answer 15

1. Subcommities of MPs
2. All MPs assigned to a select committee
3. Commities for all areas of interest e.g commerce, education, health, foreign affairs, primary production, social services
4. Forum to discuss proposed legislation
5. Hear expert advice and public submissions
6. Report back to parliament

Question 16

Caucus

Answer 16

Weekly meetings of all MPs of each party to discuss policy, political tactics/strategy and usually secret with no records kept.

Question 17

Judiciary provides

Answer 17

Authoritative interpretations of the law

Question 18

Judges appointed by rather secret process and can’t be removed by

Answer 18

Government

Question 19

Judges make fair, impartially administrated justice and are separated from

Answer 19

Politics

Question 20

Constitutional doctrines

Answer 20

1. Sovereignty of parliament
2. Separation of powers
3. Rule of law

Question 21

How do the three powers of government create separation of powers

Answer 21

The three branches operate independently from one another, to prevent abuses of power as each branch acts as a check on the others

Question 22

Sovereignty of parliament

Answer 22

1. Parliament supreme law-making body
2. Statutes are the highest form of law
3. Parliament cannot bind its successors (entrenchment)
4. Statute overides common law

Question 23

Rule of law is

Answer 23

The basis of a peaceful and equitable society

Question 24

Rule of law means that

Answer 24

1. No one is above the law (including public officials - everyone is equal)
2. Also implies transparency of law, protection against abuse of power, independent judiciary and access to legal remedy
3. Courts are open to all, the legal process is conducted in public and parliament and courts follow a set known procedure

Question 25

Anthrome

Answer 25

Anthropogenic biomes

Question 26

A landscape can be classed as an anthrome if it contains

Answer 26

1. Cultural landscapes
2. Ecologocal patterns shaped by direct human interactions with ecosystems
3. Concept developed by environmental geographers

Question 27

Anthromes are spectrum of

Answer 27

Land use intensity

Question 28

Wildlands

Answer 28

Uninhabited with no intensive land use

Question 29

Cultured

Answer 29

Sparsely inhabited woodlands and drylands with minor use for permanent agriculture (< 20% intensive)

Question 30

Rangelands

Answer 30

Pasture and grazing make up > 20% of land cover in these residential to remote areas

Question 31

Villages

Answer 31

Densely populated agricultural areas with varying types of agriculture

Question 32

Dense settlements

Answer 32

Densely populated non-agricultural areas, diverse infrastructures, urban and mixed

Question 33

People have shaped most of terrestrial nature for at least

Answer 33

12,000 years (“natural history is human history”)

Question 34

Overtime, cultural land scapes have

Answer 34

Gradual and abrupt changes

Question 35

Cultural landscapes have changed at different rates, being majorly influenced by

Answer 35

Technology, novelty and trade