Week 7: Mitigation Flashcards
What percentage of renewable enrgy sources comes from electricity
80%
Dense settlements make up what percentage of the global land surface
1.9%
Dense settlements contribute what percent of global carbon emissions
70%
Population density trend is _______ correlated with per capita emissions trend (in developed countries)
Negatively
City area trend is ______ correlated with per capita emissions trend
Positively
Embodied emissions are
Emissions associated with the whale lifecycle of a building or other built infrastructure.
Examples of embodied emissions include
Material extraction, processing, transport, construction, maintenance and demolition at the end of life
Operational (enabled) emissions are
Emissions generated during use of the infrastructure
Circular construction cycle
- Upstream: embodied
- Circular design, including modularity and adaptability
- Circular material sourcing, including remanufacturing and recycling - Use life: operational and embodied
- reuse, repair, refurbish, repurpose - End of life: embodied
- recover and recycle materials into same or new processes
Common wastewater woes
Capacity, Maintenance, Compliance, Dry and wet weather overflows
Primary infrastructures / 3 main management objectives
- Sustainable
- Resilient
- Efficient
Sustainability in primary infrastructure
The system can be maintained using available resources in a way that meets cultural, environmental and legal expectations
Resilience in primary infrastructures
The system can recover after a shock
Efficiency in primary infrastructures
Best use of resources in development, maintenance and operation, including for users
Primary infrastructure categories
- Transport
- Energy
- Water services
- Waste
- Housing
- Telecomms
- Green/blue space
Embodied emissions do not depend on how
The infrastructure is used
Embodied emissions (energy use) depends on
The materials, energy sources and efficiency of all processes
Embodied emissions include
Maintenance over the lifetime of the infrastructure, during demolition and recycling/reuse/regeneration
Operational emissions are directly related to
How the infrastructure is used
Operational emissions ______ over time and can be _______ throughout the lifetime of the infrastructure
Accumulate, Influenced
NZs largest source of CO2 emissions
Transport (17.6% of total)
The first NZ emissions reduction plan (2022-2025) called for
A 41% reduction in emissions from the transport sector by 2035
The emissions reduction plan (2022-2025) involves
- Reducing reliance of cars
- Rapidly adopt low-emission vehicles
- Begin working to decarbonise heavy transport and freight
For the emissions reduction plan (2026-2030) the transport components include
- Double energy by reducing the consenting burden
- Decarbonisation of the aviation center
- 10,000 public EV chargers by 2030
- Review regulatory barriers to zero emissions 64%
Auckland transport plan motive
Introduced in 2019, set out to reduce emissions 64% (relative to 2019) by 2030
Auckland transport plan methods
- Reduce reliance on cars and support people to walk, cycle and use public transport
- Rapidly adopt low emission vehicles
- Begin work now to decarbonise heavy transport and freight
- Empower Aucklanders to make sustainable travel choices
How to reduce reliance on cars is to introduce
More attractive walking, cycling, public transport and EVs
Positives of cycle networks
- Safety: safe routes for all ages
- Sightlines: all road users can see each other
- Connectivity: direct routes to many places
- Comprehensive: all neighbourhoods
- Comfortable to use: Low stress, enough room, smooth surface, good drainage, clear signage, places to rest, not too noisy, shade/shelter
Positives of public transport
- Whole-of-network, systems approach
- Routes intersect and easy to connect across modes
- Inclusive, easy and intuitive to use, high frequency, reliable and safe
- Transit orientated planning and development
- System connects people with secondary infrastructures and infrastructure services (work, housing, shopping, health care, recreation, …)
