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Surv 130 Exam > Week 7: Mitigation > Flashcards

Week 7: Mitigation Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of renewable enrgy sources comes from electricity

A

80%

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2
Q

Dense settlements make up what percentage of the global land surface

A

1.9%

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3
Q

Dense settlements contribute what percent of global carbon emissions

A

70%

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4
Q

Population density trend is _______ correlated with per capita emissions trend (in developed countries)

A

Negatively

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5
Q

City area trend is ______ correlated with per capita emissions trend

A

Positively

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6
Q

Embodied emissions are

A

Emissions associated with the whale lifecycle of a building or other built infrastructure.

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7
Q

Examples of embodied emissions include

A

Material extraction, processing, transport, construction, maintenance and demolition at the end of life

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8
Q

Operational (enabled) emissions are

A

Emissions generated during use of the infrastructure

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9
Q

Circular construction cycle

A
  1. Upstream: embodied
    - Circular design, including modularity and adaptability
    - Circular material sourcing, including remanufacturing and recycling
  2. Use life: operational and embodied
    - reuse, repair, refurbish, repurpose
  3. End of life: embodied
    - recover and recycle materials into same or new processes
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10
Q

Common wastewater woes

A

Capacity, Maintenance, Compliance, Dry and wet weather overflows

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11
Q

Primary infrastructures / 3 main management objectives

A
  1. Sustainable
  2. Resilient
  3. Efficient
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12
Q

Sustainability in primary infrastructure

A

The system can be maintained using available resources in a way that meets cultural, environmental and legal expectations

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13
Q

Resilience in primary infrastructures

A

The system can recover after a shock

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14
Q

Efficiency in primary infrastructures

A

Best use of resources in development, maintenance and operation, including for users

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15
Q

Primary infrastructure categories

A
  1. Transport
  2. Energy
  3. Water services
  4. Waste
  5. Housing
  6. Telecomms
  7. Green/blue space
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16
Q

Embodied emissions do not depend on how

A

The infrastructure is used

17
Q

Embodied emissions (energy use) depends on

A

The materials, energy sources and efficiency of all processes

18
Q

Embodied emissions include

A

Maintenance over the lifetime of the infrastructure, during demolition and recycling/reuse/regeneration

19
Q

Operational emissions are directly related to

A

How the infrastructure is used

20
Q

Operational emissions ______ over time and can be _______ throughout the lifetime of the infrastructure

A

Accumulate, Influenced

21
Q

NZs largest source of CO2 emissions

A

Transport (17.6% of total)

22
Q

The first NZ emissions reduction plan (2022-2025) called for

A

A 41% reduction in emissions from the transport sector by 2035

23
Q

The emissions reduction plan (2022-2025) involves

A
  1. Reducing reliance of cars
  2. Rapidly adopt low-emission vehicles
  3. Begin working to decarbonise heavy transport and freight
24
Q

For the emissions reduction plan (2026-2030) the transport components include

A
  1. Double energy by reducing the consenting burden
  2. Decarbonisation of the aviation center
  3. 10,000 public EV chargers by 2030
  4. Review regulatory barriers to zero emissions 64%
25
Q

Auckland transport plan motive

A

Introduced in 2019, set out to reduce emissions 64% (relative to 2019) by 2030

26
Q

Auckland transport plan methods

A
  1. Reduce reliance on cars and support people to walk, cycle and use public transport
  2. Rapidly adopt low emission vehicles
  3. Begin work now to decarbonise heavy transport and freight
  4. Empower Aucklanders to make sustainable travel choices
27
Q

How to reduce reliance on cars is to introduce

A

More attractive walking, cycling, public transport and EVs

28
Q

Positives of cycle networks

A
  1. Safety: safe routes for all ages
  2. Sightlines: all road users can see each other
  3. Connectivity: direct routes to many places
  4. Comprehensive: all neighbourhoods
  5. Comfortable to use: Low stress, enough room, smooth surface, good drainage, clear signage, places to rest, not too noisy, shade/shelter
29
Q

Positives of public transport

A
  1. Whole-of-network, systems approach
  2. Routes intersect and easy to connect across modes
  3. Inclusive, easy and intuitive to use, high frequency, reliable and safe
  4. Transit orientated planning and development
  5. System connects people with secondary infrastructures and infrastructure services (work, housing, shopping, health care, recreation, …)

Surv 130 Exam (11 decks)

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