Week 8 - Emotional Development

Question 1

what is attachment?

Answer 1

a lasting emotional tie between two individuals who strive to maintain closeness and relationship
continuation

begins at birth, obvious around 6-8 months of age

Question 2

what is the secure attachment type?

Answer 2

• the securely attached infant uses their parent as a base, exploring their environment in the presence of the parent but often checking in with the parent
• infant shows mild distress when parent leaves but upon return, infant happily greets parents and then returns to individual play

Question 3

what is the avoidant attachment type?

also called the insecure avoidant attachment type

Answer 3

• infant shows little interest in parent, not upset when they leave, reacts to parent in the same manner as they would a stranger
• infant ignores parent or shows subtle signs of avoidance

also called the insecure avoidant attachment type

Question 4

what is the ambivalent attachment type?

also called the insecure resistant attachement type

Answer 4

infants show a mixed pattern of responses to parent, may be clingy to parent and become distressed when they leave, but then become angry upon reunion, seeking proximity while also hitting or kicking

also called the insecure resistant attachment type

Question 5

what is the disorganized attachment type?

Answer 5

• infant displays a conflict between approaching and fleeing the parent, indicating fear
• infants with this type display the greatest insecurity

Question 6

what is emotional competence?

Answer 6

skill in understanding emotions, including self understanding, social awareness, and self management

Question 7

what is a secure base?

Answer 7

the use of a caregiver as a foundation from which to explore and return to for emotional support

Question 8

what is an internal working model?

Answer 8

a mental model of the caregiving relationship and infants’ expectations for care

Question 9

what is a social smile?

Answer 9

a smile that occurs in response to familiar people, emerges between 6-10 weeks of age

important because it indicates that the infant is displaying social engagement

Question 10

what is social referencing?

Answer 10

seeking information from caregivers about how to interpret unfamiliar or ambiguous events by observing their emotional expressions and reactions

begins ~6 – 10 months

Question 11

what are emotional display rules?

Answer 11

unstated cultural guidelines for acceptable emotions and emotional expression that are communicated
to children through caregivers’ emotions,
behaviour, and expressions

Question 12

what is stranger wariness?

Answer 12

a fear of unfamiliar people

emerges around 6 months of age, increases until 15 months of age, then decreases

Question 13

what are protective factors?

Answer 13

variables that are thought to reduce the poor outcomes associated with adverse circumstances

ex: good relationships, community, routine, etc

Question 15

what is cognitive reprisal?

Answer 15

reconsidering a situation through a different perspective

Question 16

what is socioemotional selectivity theory?

Answer 16

our emotional experience is linked with our social goals

Question 17

theory of mind

Answer 17

children’s awareness of their own and other people’s
mental processes and realization that others don’t share their thoughts

• significantly contributes to emotional development

Question 18

what is temperament?

Answer 18

characteristic differences among individuals in emotional reactivity, self-regulation, and activity that influences reactions to the environment

Question 19

what is goodness of fit?

Answer 19

the compatibility between a
child’s temperament and their environment