Week 11 - Moral Reasoning

Question 1

what is moral reasoning?

Answer 1

how people
view and make judgements of
their social world

requires theory of mind

Question 2

what is heteronomous morality?

Answer 2

Piaget’s first stage of morality when children become aware of rules and view them as sacred and unalterable

Question 3

what is autonomous morality?

Answer 3

Piaget’s second stage of morality where children have a more flexible view of rules, believing that the rules are self-chosen rather than simply imposed on them

Question 4

what is level 1 of Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?

Answer 4

• preconventional reasoning
• stage 1: follows rules to avoid punishment
• stage 2: conforms to rules to get rewards

stage 1: age 6 and under

Question 5

what is level 2 of Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?

Answer 5

• conventional moral reasoning
• stage 3: upholding rules to please others and gain affection and sympathy (age 9-10)
• stage 4: buy into rules and standards because they are concerned with maintaining social order (teens)

Question 6

what is level 3 of Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?

Answer 6

• post-conventional moral reasoning
• stage 5: view laws and rules as flexible, part of the social contract or agreement meant to further human interest (teens)
• stage 6: Concerns about human rights take precedence over laws and social rules

Question 7

what is a care orientation?

Answer 7

feminine mode of moral reasoning
characterized by a desire to maintain a relationship
and a responsibility to avoid hurting others

Question 8

what is a justice orientation?

Answer 8

a male mode of moral reasoning emphasizing the abstract principles of fairness and individualism

Question 9

what is prosocial behaviour?

Answer 9

voluntary behaviour
that aims to benefit someone else

Question 10

what is empathy?

Answer 10

the capacity to understand
someone’s feelings

Question 11

what is antisocial behaviour?

Answer 11

behaviour intended to do harm or break rules

Question 12

what is religiosity?

Answer 12

religious practice (e.g., sharing the attitudes and beliefs of a religion, participating in the prescribed rituals and practices

Question 13

what is spirituality?

Answer 13

a personal search for answers to ultimate questions about life (e.g., meaning, transcendent others, way to benefit others/society)