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FSMT 210 > Week 7 - Language Development > Flashcards

Week 7 - Language Development Flashcards

All slide + textbook information added

1
Q

define receptive language

A

language that an individual can understand

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2
Q

define productive language

A

language that an individual can produce or generate on their own

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3
Q

what are phonemes?

A

the basic units of sounds used in a given language

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4
Q

what are morphemes?

A

the smallest unit of language that has meaning

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5
Q

what is morphology?

A

the understanding of the ways that sounds combine to form words

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6
Q

what is phonology?

A

knowledge of sounds used in a language

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7
Q

what are semantics?

A

the meaning or content of words and
sentences

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8
Q

what is syntax?

A

the knowledge of the structure of sentences

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9
Q

what are pragmatics?

A

the practical application of
language for everyday communication
(understanding how to use language
to communicate effectively)

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10
Q

what is cooing?

A

infants making repetitive vowel sounds

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11
Q

what is babbling?

A

infants repeating syllables beginning around 6 months old

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12
Q

what are holophrases?

A

a one-word expression used to convey a complete thought

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13
Q

what is fast mapping?

A

a process by which children learn new words after only a brief encounter, connecting it with their own mental categories

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14
Q

what is a naming explosion/vocabulary spurt?

A

a period of vocabulary learning that begins about 16-18 months of age

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15
Q

what is underextension?

A

a vocabulary error in which the infant applies a word too narrowly to a single object rather than the more appropriate, wider class of objects

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16
Q

what is overextension?

A

a vocabulary error in which the infant applies a word to broadly to a wider class of objects than appropriate

17
Q

what is telegraphic speech?

A

small two word sentences to express a thought

18
Q

what is logical extension?

A

a strategy children use to increase their vocabulary in which they extend a new word to other objects in the same category

19
Q

what is mutual exclusivity assumption?

A

when learning new words, young kids assume that objects have only one name or label

20
Q

what are overregularization errors?

A

grammatical mistakes that children make because they apply grammatical rules incorrectly

21
Q

what is private speech?

A

self-directed speech that children use to guide behaviour

very developmentally appropriate - helps to practice and apply language

22
Q

what is self-regulation?

A

the ability to control one’s impulses and appropriately direct behaviour

23
Q

what is metalinguistic awareness?

A

becoming aware of the knowledge and learning process of language, can start to identify where they learned things

24
Q

what is the main language-related deficit that older adults experience?

A

difficulty recalling specific words

25
Q

what is infant-directed speech?

A

using shorter words and sentences, higher and more varied pitch, repetitions, a slower rate, and longer pauses

facilitates language development by making sounds more exaggerated

26
Q

how is SES related to language development?

A

higher SES is correlated with better language development, lower SES is correlated * with deficits in cognitive and language development

  • also associated with malnutrition, slower growth
27
Q

c

has baby signing been shown to improve language development?

A

no. while it may allow infants to communicate before they can use words, it does not improve the speed at which they will acquire language

28
Q

what is the 30 million word gap?

A

a term to describe how children of higher SES encounter an average of ~30 million words through age 4 compared to peers of lower SES

29
Q

what is dual-language learning?

A

a system in which english speaking and non-english speaking students learn together in both languages, which are equally valued

30
Q

what is the learning theory of language development ?

A

language is learned through reinforcement, punishment, and imitation

31
Q

what is the nativist theory of language development ?

A

despite wide variations in circumstances, living situations, and contexts, children around the world achieve language milestones at about the same time

32
Q

what is the interactionist theory of language development ?

A

children have an inborn sensitivity to language and can discriminate a wide variety of speech sounds, including those that adults cannot distinguish; language development occurs in a social context

FSMT 210 (13 decks)

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