Week 7 - Language Development

Question 1

define receptive language

Answer 1

language that an individual can understand

Question 2

define productive language

Answer 2

language that an individual can produce or generate on their own

Question 3

what are phonemes?

Answer 3

the basic units of sounds used in a given language

Question 4

what are morphemes?

Answer 4

the smallest unit of language that has meaning

Question 5

what is morphology?

Answer 5

the understanding of the ways that sounds combine to form words

Question 6

what is phonology?

Answer 6

knowledge of sounds used in a language

Question 7

what are semantics?

Answer 7

the meaning or content of words and
sentences

Question 8

what is syntax?

Answer 8

the knowledge of the structure of sentences

Question 9

what are pragmatics?

Answer 9

the practical application of
language for everyday communication
(understanding how to use language
to communicate effectively)

Question 10

what is cooing?

Answer 10

infants making repetitive vowel sounds

Question 11

what is babbling?

Answer 11

infants repeating syllables beginning around 6 months old

Question 12

what are holophrases?

Answer 12

a one-word expression used to convey a complete thought

Question 13

what is fast mapping?

Answer 13

a process by which children learn new words after only a brief encounter, connecting it with their own mental categories

Question 14

what is a naming explosion/vocabulary spurt?

Answer 14

a period of vocabulary learning that begins about 16-18 months of age

Question 15

what is underextension?

Answer 15

a vocabulary error in which the infant applies a word too narrowly to a single object rather than the more appropriate, wider class of objects

Question 16

what is overextension?

Answer 16

a vocabulary error in which the infant applies a word to broadly to a wider class of objects than appropriate

Question 17

what is telegraphic speech?

Answer 17

small two word sentences to express a thought

Question 18

what is logical extension?

Answer 18

a strategy children use to increase their vocabulary in which they extend a new word to other objects in the same category

Question 19

what is mutual exclusivity assumption?

Answer 19

when learning new words, young kids assume that objects have only one name or label

Question 20

what are overregularization errors?

Answer 20

grammatical mistakes that children make because they apply grammatical rules incorrectly

Question 21

what is private speech?

Answer 21

self-directed speech that children use to guide behaviour

very developmentally appropriate - helps to practice and apply language

Question 22

what is self-regulation?

Answer 22

the ability to control one’s impulses and appropriately direct behaviour

Question 23

what is metalinguistic awareness?

Answer 23

becoming aware of the knowledge and learning process of language, can start to identify where they learned things

Question 24

what is the main language-related deficit that older adults experience?

Answer 24

difficulty recalling specific words

Question 25

what is infant-directed speech?

Answer 25

using shorter words and sentences, higher and more varied pitch, repetitions, a slower rate, and longer pauses ## Footnote facilitates language development by making sounds more exaggerated

Question 26

how is SES related to language development?

Answer 26

higher SES is correlated with better language development, lower SES is correlated * with deficits in cognitive and language development ## Footnote * also associated with malnutrition, slower growth

Question 27

# c has baby signing been shown to improve language development?

Answer 27

no. while it may allow infants to communicate before they can use words, it does not improve the speed at which they will acquire language

Question 28

what is the 30 million word gap?

Answer 28

a term to describe how children of higher SES encounter an average of ~30 million words through age 4 compared to peers of lower SES

Question 29

what is dual-language learning?

Answer 29

a system in which english speaking and non-english speaking students learn together in both languages, which are equally valued

Question 30

what is the learning theory of language development ?

Answer 30

language is learned through reinforcement, punishment, and imitation

Question 31

what is the nativist theory of language development ?

Answer 31

despite wide variations in circumstances, living situations, and contexts, children around the world achieve language milestones at about the same time

Question 32

what is the interactionist theory of language development ?

Answer 32

children have an inborn sensitivity to language and can discriminate a wide variety of speech sounds, including those that adults cannot distinguish; language development occurs in a social context