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USC Microbiology 1 > Week 8: Digestive system (bacterial) > Flashcards

Week 8: Digestive system (bacterial) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Facultative organisms of mouth and pharynx (3)

A

Streptococci spp. (eg S. mutans), Neisseria meningitidis, branhamella catarrhalis

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2
Q

Anaerobic organisms of mouth and pharynx (3)

A

Bacteroides, fusubacteria, spirochetes

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3
Q

Should bacteria be found on clean teeth?

A

No

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4
Q

What initiates adherence of bacteria to teeth?

A

Proteins in saliva

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5
Q

What causes dental caries (decay)?

A

Accumulation of microorganisms and their products

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6
Q

Streptococcus mutans

A

Produces dextran from glucose while fructose is broken to lactic acid that breaks enamel, causing tooth decay

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7
Q

Dysentery definition

A

Severe diarrhoea with blood and mucous

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8
Q

How do bacteria cause disease after food is cooked?

A

Bacterial toxins cannot be destroyed by heat.

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9
Q

How does shigella cause mucosal abscesses in shigellosis (bacillary dysentery)?

A

Shigella enters and multiplies inside epithelial cells. The abscess forms as epithelial cells are killed by the infection.

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10
Q

4 species of shigella

A

Dysenteriae, flexneri, sonnei, boydii

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11
Q

What toxins are produced by shigella?

A

Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (ST1 and ST2) aka verotoxins

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12
Q

Explain the Kauffman White classification scheme

A

Used to classify salmonella into serotypes based on O antigen in outer membrane LPS, flagella (H) antigen and virulent (Vi) antigen surrounding O antigen

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13
Q

3 main species of salmonella

A

Typhi, Cholerasuis, enteritis

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14
Q

Salmonella is responsible for

A

Salmonellosis (salmonella gastroenteritis)

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15
Q

Where is salmonella found

A

Raw egg, chicken, meat

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16
Q

Typhoid fever cause

A

Salmonella typhi

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17
Q

What differentiates S. typhi from other salmonella?

A

Multiplies in phagocytic cells compared to intestinal cells

18
Q

What causes cholera and how is it transmitted?

A

LT toxin of Vibrio cholerae, faecal oral route,

19
Q

Which serotype of V. cholerae causes epidemic and pandemic cholera

A

Classical O1 serotype

20
Q

Which new strain of V. cholera causes pandemic cholera

A

O139 (bengal strain)

21
Q

Cholera signs

A

Rice water diarrhoea

22
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus characteristics

A

Found in sea food, causing food poisoning via heat stable haemolysin (thermostable direct haemolysin aka kanagawa haemolysin)
Requires high NaCl for growth

23
Q

6 types of E. coli

A

Enteropathogenic (EPEC)
Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
Enteroinvasive (EIEC)
Enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC)
Enteroaggregative (EAggEC)
Enteroadhesive (EAEC)

24
Q

Where is E. coli normally found in body

A

GI tract

25
Q

Enteropathogenic EC

A

Epidemic diarrhoea
Identified by serotyping

26
Q

Enterotoxigenic EC

A

Traveller’s diarrhoea
Heat labile toxin (LT): antigenic and destroyed by heat, high molecular weight
heat stable toxin (ST): non-antigenic, not destroyed by heat, low molecular weight

27
Q

Enterohaemorrhagic EC

A

Produces cytotoxin VTEC which lyses RBC
O157:H7 causes haemorrhagic colitis sand haemolytic uremic syndrome (renal failure)
Found in undercooked hamburger meat

28
Q

Enteroinvasive EC

A

Same mechanism and antigens as shigella
Bloody diarrhoea
Test: causes keratoconjunctivitis in rodent eyes

29
Q

Enteroaggregative EC

A

Same mechanism as enteropathogenic EC
Adheres to enterocytes
Similar toxin to stable toxin (ST) of ETEC

30
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

Stomach ulcers and stomach cancer

31
Q

Campylobacter

A

Normal flora in domestic animals
C. jujeni causes food poisoning
C. fetus causes abortion in animals

32
Q

Yersinia motility, spore formation, toxins, transmission

A

Non motile, no spores, enterotoxin and exotoxin, meat and milk

33
Q

Y. enterocolitica disease

A

Enterocolitis

34
Q

Y. pseudotuberculosis disease

A

Local and systemic necrosis

35
Q

Y. pestis disease

A

Plague (black death)

36
Q

Y. enterocolitica

A

ST enterotoxin
Diarrhoea and fever, acute mesenteric lymphadenitis, septicaemia
Produces B lactamase so resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins

37
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

Intestinal contents of animals
Exotoxin causes abdominal pain, diarrhoea and gas gangrene

38
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Exotoxins A and B
A is an enterotoxin
Causes antibiotic associated (pseudomembrane) colitis
Opportunistic

39
Q

Bacillus cereus gram and spore status

A

Gram positive, endospore forming

40
Q

Bacillus cereus habitat

A

Soil

41
Q

Bacillus cereus disease mechanism

A

Spores resist killing, produce toxin which causes diarrhoea
Contaminated rice

USC Microbiology 1 (9 decks)

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