Week 8 Building Cells: Organelles

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

Contains most organelles including cytosol

Question 2

Cytosol

Answer 2

The liquid of the cytoplasm, mainly water but contains ions, small molecules and proteins

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Contains most genetic information (some in mitochondria)

Question 4

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 4

Double membrane structure that surrounds the nucleus (nuclear envelope). There are nuclear pores which are protein channels.

Question 5

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 5

network of membranous tubules involved in protein synthesis, folding and transport

Question 6

Rough ER

Answer 6

Covered in ribosomes
biosynthetic factory, more than half of membrane in eukaryotic cells.

Question 7

Smooth ER

Answer 7

No ribosomes.
Storage and lipid biosynthesis

Question 8

Ribosomes

Answer 8

Protein factories for protein synthesis. Some attached to rough ER, some free in cytosol

Question 9

Golgi Complex

Answer 9

“Postage Centre”
Modifies, sorts and packages proteins & lipids into vesicles for transport within or outside the cell. Distribution centre

Question 10

Lysosomes

Answer 10

Contain enzymes and is responsible for degradation, storage & secretion. Located in the cytosol.

Question 11

Mitochondria

Answer 11

“Powerhouse of the cell”
respiration, produces ATP

Question 12

Peroxisome

Answer 12

Found in Cytoplasm
The function is to break down fatty acids, detox, make specific lipids and manage reactive oxygen.

Question 13

Exocytosis

Answer 13

The material moves to the cell surface for incorporation into the membrane. Vesicles

Question 14

Endocytosis

Answer 14

Balances exocytosis. Cells take up extracellular soluble substances and internalise the plasma membrane.

Question 15

Cytoskeleton

Answer 15

Provides structure, supports and shape
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Intermediate Filaments

Question 16

Microtubules

Answer 16

Largest filament 25nm
Hollow tubes made of tubin proteins. Form mitotic spindle. Vesicles and organelles move along microtubules.

Question 17

Microfilaments

Answer 17

Actin Filaments
7nm
Determine shape, stiffness, and movements of the cell surface and contributes to the formation and maintenance of cell junctions.

Question 18

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 18

8-12nm
Thick with a fibrous subunit (Keratins coiled together)
Smaller than microtubules but larger than actin filaments

Question 19

Extracellular Matrix

Answer 19

Network of proteins and polysaccharides secreted by cells.

Question 20

Functions of Extracellular Matrix

Answer 20

Adhesive substrate
Structure
Presents growth factors to receptors
Isolate and store growth factor
Senses and transduces mechanical signals.