Week 8 - Biotechnology in Mammals Flashcards
What is a model organism?
An organism that is used in genetic studies due to short generation time, large number of progeny, etc. that lends itself to genetic analyses
What is a transgenic mouse?
Mouse contains genes from different organism/species
What is a knock-out mouse?
Mouse with one or more genes removed
What is a knock-in mouse?
Mouse contains gene that has been precisely inserted into a particular chromosomal loci
How do you clone a DNA sequence of interest?
1 - Purify plasmid containing an antibiotic resistance gene
2 - Use restriction enzyme to cut plasmid and DNA fragment to be clones
3 - Use DNA ligase to ligate the plasmid and DNA fragment
4 - Transform bacteria that were not antibiotic resistant with rDNA
5 - Grow lots of bacteria and isolate new plasmid
How do you create a GM mouse?
1 - Clone gene of interest
2 - Insert foreign DNA into developing embryo cells
3 - Place cells back into embryo
4 - place embryo into foster mouse
What is neomycin?
Antibacterial used to remove plasmids that do not contain gene of interest
What is the myostatin gene responsible for?
Inhibiting muscle growth
What is Eugenics?
Study and practice of selective breeding being applied to humans
How does cloning of mammals work? (ex Dolly)
- Take unfertilized egg from cytoplasmic donor
- Take DNA from mammary cells of nuclear donor
- Insert DNA into egg and place into surrogate ewe
- Creates a nuclear clone
What are the requirements of an organism?
- Must respond to stimuli
- Must reproduce
- Must Grow/Develop
- Must maintain homeostasis as a stable whole
What is the minimal genome project?
Project to find minimal set of genes that support life
How does the minimal genome project work?
1 - Sequence smallest known genome
2 - Systematically remove genes
