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Psychology Study Period 1 > Week 8 Abnormal Psychology > Flashcards

Week 8 Abnormal Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a psychological disorder?

A

Abnormal - generally refers to behavior. Components:
Personally distressing (for the individual)
Typically personally dysfunctional (causes problems, maladaptive)
Behavior being culturally deviant, others judge it to be inappropriate

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2
Q

What is a syndrome?

A

Grouping of signs and symptoms based on their frequent co-occurrence that may suggest common underlying pathogenesis, course, familial pattern or treatment selection

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3
Q

Theoretical perspectives on psychological disorders

A 
Psychodynamic/psychoanalytic 
Cognitive, behavioural and cognitive-behavioural
Biological (brain structure)
Systems
Theories
Evolutionary theories
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4
Q

List some psychological disorders

A 
Anxiety 
Depressive and bipolar
Schizophrenia
Eating
Substance related
Personality 
Dissociative
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5
Q

Treatment options for psychological disorders:

A

Group therapies
Humanistic therapies
Family and couples
Biological

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6
Q

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Psychotic Disorders involve disturbances in:

A

Thought (delusions, no logical connection in language)
Perception (hallucinations)
Language (disconnected words that don’t make sense)
Affect (experiencing the wrong affect e.g. talking about something positive but crying about it)
Behaviour (bizarre behaviour including catatonia, strange repetitive behaviour, generally disorganized behaviour)

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7
Q

Symptoms of psychosis

A

Positive - something is there that shouldn’t be there (hallucinations, delusions)
Negative - things that should be there but they’re not (lack of emotion or complex thought)

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8
Q

Symptoms of psychosis

A

Positive - something is there that shouldn’t be there (hallucinations, delusions)
Negative - things that should be there but they’re not (lack of emotion or complex thought)

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9
Q

Schizophrenia:

A

Most well known psychotic disorder

People diagnosed with schizophrenia may have very different symptoms of prognosis

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10
Q

Etiology of schizophrenia

A

People have some degree of a vulnerability, but it is dependant on life stressors if they will go onto develop the disorder
Someone without a genetic disposition may never develop the disorder even with environmental factors

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11
Q

Define diathesis

A

a tendency to suffer from a particular medical condition.

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12
Q

Biological basis of Schizophrenia:

A

Diathesis - stress model: schizophrenia develops in people with an underlying biological vulnerability that is compounded by stress
Neural atrophy - neuron loss in the brain may result in diminished volume of the brain
Environmental contributors play a role in the course and relapse
Psychical sexual abuse and childhood trauma may play a role

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13
Q

List two Mood Disorders:

A

Depressive

Bipolar

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14
Q

Two Depressive disorders

A

Major depressive disorder

Persistent depressive disorder

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15
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

A person is very depressed for relatively short period of time (minimum 2 weeks to be diagnosed
Intense sadness or antadonia (lack of pleasure)
Increased apetite or loss of appetite
Increased sleeping or difficulty sleeping
Energy is the same

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16
Q

Persistent depressive disorder

A

Also known as dysthymia
Longer term disorder (minimum 2 years to be diagnosed)
Chronicity determines which diagnosis they get

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17
Q

How is bipolar disorder characterised

A

Typically (but not always) alternating with periods of mania and hypomania

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18
Q

What is mania (when referring to bipolar)?

A

mental illness marked by periods of great excitement or euphoria, delusions, and overactivity.

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19
Q

What is hypomania (when referring to bipolar)?

A

Hypomania: A condition similar to mania but less severe. The symptoms are similar with elevated mood, increased activity, decreased need for sleep, grandiosity, racing thoughts, and the like.

20
Q

3 Bipolar disorders:

A

Bipolar 1
Manic episodes
May or may not have major depressive episodes

Bipolar 2
Hypomanic (but not manic) episodes
Major depressive episodes

Cyclothymia
Two years of ups and downs that do not become full manic, hypomanic, or depressive episodes

21
Q

Three theories of bipolar disorder:

A

A high genetic component
Environmental factors play a role too
Therapies for bipolar try to regulate people’s social rhythms

22
Q

What are anxiety Disorders?

A

People experience intense irrational anxiety
Frequently occuring category in general population include phobias and social anxiety
Women are more likely to be diagnosed with most of these
High rate of comorbidity with depressive disorders

23
Q

Comorbidity

A

a disease or medical condition that is simultaneously present with another or others in a patient.

24
Q

Specific phobias

A

an irrational fear of an object or situation (e.g an animal, enclosed spaces, heights, blood, injury etc)

25
Q

Social anxiety

A

referred to as social phobia, a fear of negative evaluation by others (e.g someone fears public speaking or fear of talking to people in general)

26
Q

Panic disorder

A

Intense attacks of fear, terror or anxiety that are unexpected

27
Q

Agoraphobia

A

A fear of being in places or situations from which it may be difficult to escape

28
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD):

A

excessive worry, and physiological symptoms of anxiety

29
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder:

A

recurrent obsessions and or compulsions that cause distress and interfere with people’s daily life

30
Q

Difference between obsessions and compulsions?

A

Obsessions : persistent irrational thoughts, ideas or images

Compulsions: intentional behaviors typically performed in response to an obsession

31
Q

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD):

A

characterized by flashbacks and recurrent thoughts of a traumatic event

32
Q

Acute stress disorder:

A

Acute stress disorder is diagnosable when symptoms persist for a minimum of three days and last no more than one month after a traumatic experience. If symptoms persist after a month, the diagnosis becomes post-traumatic stress disorder.

33
Q

Adjustment disorders

A

Viewed as milder disorders in relation to milder environmental stressors
Viewed as a temporary thing unless stressor is ongoing
Eg a child whose parents are getting a divorce

34
Q

What are somatic symptom and related disorders?

A

disorders that focus on somatic (bodily) components

35
Q

Somatic symptoms disorder:

A

A person has often several somatic complaints

36
Q

Conversion disorder:

A

Neurological disorder that cannot be explained by physiological functioning

37
Q

Illness anxiety disorder:

A

Defined by the preoccupation with acquiring an illness even though there is not enough medical evidence to support it

38
Q

What are Dissociative disorders?

A

a group of disorders where there is a disconnection of usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, motor control, behavior.

39
Q

Depersonalisation/derealisation disorder:

A

Someone experiences episodes of depersonalisation(they may feel disconnected from their body, it may look or feel different in frightening ways) or derealisation (their environment may look different
Is not caused from taking drugs
Can be very frightening and unpleasant

40
Q

Dissociative amnesia:

A

Psychological in origin
Usually associated with stressful events
Can range from being minor where people are unable to remember small things, or extreme where people have no memory of their life
Not caused by injury, drugs, or alcohol

41
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

People may end up somewhere else and don’t remember how they got there
May have a separate identity set up
Is a subset of social amnesia

42
Q

Dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality disorder)

A

Defined in the DSM as a presence of more than one identity state
People with DID have comorbidity of the other dissociative disorders

43
Q

Definition of psychopathology

A

Problematic patterns of thought, feeling or behaviour that disrupt an individuals sense of wellbeing or social or occupational functioning

44
Q

Labelling Theory

A

Argues that the diagnosis is a way of stigmatising deviants.

45
Q

Mental Health

A

A state of emotional and social wellbeing in which individuals realise their own abilities

46
Q

Definition of Neuroses

A

Problems with living such as phobias, constant self-doubt and repetitive personal problems such as trouble with authority figures

47
Q

Definition of Neuroses

A

Problems with living such as phobias, constant self-doubt and repetitive personal problems such as trouble with authority figures

Psychology Study Period 1 (9 decks)

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