Week 4 Personality Theories

Question 1

Topographic Model

Answer 1

Developed by Freud and includes conscious, preconscious, and unconscious elements

Question 2

Libido

Answer 2

According to Freud is the ‘life force’ and includes pleasure seeking, sensuality, and desire for sexual intercourse

Question 3

Freud’s psychosexual stages

Answer 3

Oral (0-18 months)

Anal (2-3 years)

Phallic (4-6 years)

Latency (7-11 years)

Genital (12+ years)

Question 4

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 4

Physiological needs

Safety needs

Love and belonging

Esteem

Self-actualization

Question 5

Self-concept

Answer 5

According to Carl Rogers is an organized pattern of thought and perception about oneself

Question 6

Actualising tendency

Answer 6

Aspect of the humanistic approach to personality that relates to a human’s desire to fulfill the full needs of human experience (e.g. all the hierarchy of needs)

Question 7

Self-efficacy expectancy

Answer 7

According to Bandura is a person’s idea that they can perform the require actions to get the desired outcome

Question 8

George Kelly

Answer 8

A cognitive-social personality researcher who focused on personal constructs that are significant to a person and their personality. Looked at how cognitions influence behaviour.

Question 9

Eysencks Hierarchy Model

Answer 9

Based on the idea that personality is genetic

Traits are a group of correlated habits

Question 10

Eysencks Super Traits

Answer 10

Extraversion - introversion
Neuroticism - emotional stability
Psychoticism - low psychoticism

Limitation of this theory is that three traits are not enough

Question 11

Cattells Taxonomy

Answer 11

Identified 16 traits
Key goal to identify and measure the basic units of personality
Limitation is there are too many traits

Question 12

Five Factor Model (BIG -5)

Answer 12

Openness to Experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Question 13

Habits

Answer 13

Abstractions derived from observations of specific instances of behaviour

Question 14

Humanistic Theory

Answer 14

This approach focuses on what makes us distinctly human – what sets us apart from other non-human animal species – and is a particularly optimistic theory. Developed by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Question 14

Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 14

The psychodynamic theory of personality was developed by Sigmund Freud. This theory focuses on the unconscious mind, experiences that occur during childhood, and the evolutionary perspective

Question 15

Cognitive Social Theory

Answer 15

The basis for personality is learning
Focus on beliefs, expectations and information processing
Emphasises the role of society in our behaviour

Question 16

Albert Bandura

Answer 16

Personality shaped by:

1) Schemas used the understand the world
2) Expectations
3) The belief they can obtain their goals