Week 1 Childhood Development

Question 1

Teratogen

Answer 1

Any substance or environmental factor that may cause birth defects

Question 2

Maturation

Answer 2

Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behaviour and that remain relatively uninfluenced by experience

Question 3

Critical periods

Answer 3

Periods of special sensitivity to a specific type of learning

Question 4

Order of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

Answer 4

Sensorimotor (approx. 0 – 2 years); Preoperational (approx. 2-7 years); Concrete operational (approx. 7-12 years); Formal operational (approx. 12+ years)

Question 5

Schema

Answer 5

Organised, repeatedly exercised pattern of thought or behaviour

Question 6

The four parenting styles

Answer 6

Permissive, Neglectful, Authoritarian, Authoritative

Question 7

The four attachment styles

Answer 7

Secure, Avoidant, Ambivalent, Disorganized

Question 8

Cross-sectional studies

Answer 8

Compare groups of participants of different ages at a single time to investigate differences between them

Question 9

Prenatal Development Stages

Answer 9

Zygote (fertilised egg - 2 months), Embryonic (2 weeks - 2 months), Foetal (2 months - birth)

Question 10

Longitudinal Studies

Answer 10

Assess the same individuals over time, providing the opportunity to assess age changes rather than age difference

Question 11

Sequential Studies

Answer 11

Minimise cohort effects by studying multiple cohorts longitudinally

Question 12

Cepehleocaudal

Answer 12

Child gains control of their head first, then arms, then legs

Question 13

Proximidistal

Answer 13

The tendency for more general functions of limbs to develop before more specific or fine motor skills

Question 14

Inborn Reflexes

Answer 14

Sucking, grasping