week 8 Flashcards
what is a communicable disease?
An infection caused by direct transmission, indirect transmission, or vectors
What is the incubation period of a disease?
The time interval between exposure and development of symptoms
What are the six links in the chain of infection?
- Pathogenic agent
- Reservoir
- portal of exit
- transmission
- Portal of entry
- Host susceptibility
What is natural passive immunity?
Maternal antibodies passes to fetus
What is natural active immunity?
When you are exposed to an infectious agent and your immune system responds creating antibodies
What is artificial passive immunity?
Immune globulin’s given after exposure. Anti-rabies or anti-venom
What is artificial active immunity?
Vaccines
What are the most common sources of transmission in children?
Fecal-oral and respiratory
What are the teaching points to families that help reduce transmission?
- Wash hands after touching contaminated items, after bathroom, while preparing foodsmultiple times
- Use disposable tissue
- Cough and sneeze into elbow
- Don’t share dishes
- Wipe counters
- Dispose of diapers in closed containers
What is the major goal of healthy people 2020 in regard to communicable diseases?
To reduce the number of preventable childhood illnesses such as measles, mumps, and rubella
What are the suggested strategies from healthy people 2020 to reduce the number of preventable childhood illnesses?
- Standard precautions
- Hand hygiene
- Separate ill children from well children
- Kill the pathogen
- Educate parents and caregiviers
What is a vaccination?
A product of a killed or weakened organism that produces immunity to that organism.
What is a immunization?
the process by which someone becomes immune
A vaccine introduces a ____ into the body
Antigen
What is an antigen?
a foreign substance that triggers the immune system response
What does the body do as a result of reacting to an antigen?
It produces antibodies and develops an active immunity
What is a live or attenuated vaccine? examples?
A vaccine made with a tiny amount of the pathogen that is weakened
-MMR, influenza
What is a killed, inactivated vaccine? Examples?
A killed pathogen but the shape remains the same and still activates the immune response.
-Hep A, Rabies, Polio
What is a toxoid vaccine? Example?
A vaccine made from the inactivated toxin produced by a bacteria
-Tetanus
Every VIS is written at what reading level?
6th grade
By law, what two things are required regarding consent to vaccines?
- written consent must be obtained
2. The VIS must be supplied
