Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
How is death defined legally?
A
-Irreversible cessation of all circulatory and respiratory functions and/or irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain including brainstem
2
Q
What is secondary health promotion and illness prevention?
A
Focuses on screening for early detection of disease.
Identify illness and reverse it or cure it and return the person back to health
3
Q
Most school aged children only go to the doctor for?
A
Minor injuries/illnesses
4
Q
What is Mourning?
A
The actions and expressions of grief including symbols and ceremonies
5
Q
What happens to muscle mass, strength and agility in middle adulthood
A
They gradually decrease
6
Q
What is physical activity crucial at school age?
A
- Develops life long habits
- Develops hand eye coordination, strength, agility, and speed
7
Q
What is self-esteem?
A
Feelings of self worth
8
Q
What skill should be taught to a school aged child and their parents that can help prevent disease
A
Hand washing
9
Q
What happens to visual acuity in middle adulthood
A
Near vision diminishes (Presbyopia)
10
Q
What is Neumans system model based on?
A
Human interactions with internal and external environmental factors
11
Q
What mental health milestone should emerge in school aged children?
A
self-esteem
12
Q
What are some illness behaviors
A
- Experiencing symptoms
- Assuming the sick role
- Assuming the dependent role
- Achieving recovery and rehab
13
Q
What is loss?
A
When a valued person, object, or situation is changed or becomes unavailable
14
Q
What is the major source of stress in out society?
A
Interpersonal relationships and performance demands
15
Q
When is adult height usually achieved?
A
Mid to late adolescents
16
Q
What age range is a young adult?
A
20-45 years
17
Q
What happens to hair in middle adulthood
A
Gray hair appears and baldness can begin
18
Q
What is to be said about the general health of school aged children?
A
They are generally healthy with only a few upper respiratory infections a year.
19
Q
What is one of the biggest concerns in injury prevention in school aged children
A
Sport safety
20
Q
What objective information can give clues about the childs nutritional health?
A
The condition of the child’s hair, nails, and skin as well as weight
21
Q
What are some examples of secondary health promotion and illness prevention
A
- Assessing children from G&D
- Encouraging routine dental/vision exams
- Health screening
- Age appropriate exams
- Medication Administration
22
Q
How much sleep to teens typically get a night?
A
6 hours
23
Q
What is a chronic illness?
A
A broad term that encompasses many different physical and mental alterations in health
-Requires long term and/or permanent care
24
Q
What is Palliative care?
A
Treatment of signs of symptoms of a disease without treating the disease its self
25
What is a Durable power of attorney for health care?
A person who is authorized to make health care decisions when the patient is no longer able
26
If an adolescent has a lack of energy, this could likely be because what?
Lack of food
27
What is the age range for the middle adult?
40-65
28
What is a comfort measures only order?
An order that indicates the goal is a comfortable, dignified, death without life sustaining measures
29
What is health promotion?
The behavior of a person who is motivated by a personal desire to increase well-being and health potential
30
Jean Watson is know for her theory of?
Theory of Human Caring
31
What are tanner stages?
Identifiable stages in genital growth
32
Why should school aged nutrition education focus on the child and not the parents?
Because school aged children are becoming independent
- some may be home alone in the afternoon and prepare their own food
- They choose their own lunch at school
- Teach the children to make smart choices.
33
Stress, Stressor's, and Adaptation are all ______
Interdependent
34
What is voluntary cessation of eating and drinking?
| What are the important considerations in this?
A decision made by the terminally ill, competent patient with the intention of hastening death
- Distinguish this from natural anorexia
- Ensure it is an informed decision and is supported by the family and health care team
35
What is Perceived loss?
Loss that is experienced by the person but is intangible to others *Loss of youth*
36
What is stress?
Our response to change when facing something that is perceived as a challenge, threat, or danger
37
What are the four main expression types for grief?
Emotional, Physical, Social, Spiritual
38
What is health?
An active process in which a person moves towards ones maximum potential
39
What happens to fatty tissue in middle adulthood
It redistributes
40
What is a living will?
a list of specific instructions reflecting wishes how a person wants to be cared for when they are ill
41
When should a female have a pap smear?
If they are sexually active
42
What age does the pressure to fit in begin?
around age 8
43
How can the physiologic needs of the dying patient be met?
- Frequent baths
- Linen changes
- Mouth care
- Pain control
- Incontinence & Constipation
- Position changes
44
Explain nursing managment for school aged children.
Since school aged children normally only come to the doctor for episodic care, it is important to assess the general health of the child during these visits and intervene when needed.
Provide reading material for the parents to go over that may bridge the gap until the next video
45
What are some examples of primary health promotion and illness prevention?
- Immunization Clinics
- Family planning services
- Poison Control services
- Education about diet, seat belts, farm safety
- Weight loss
- Diet
- Exercise
46
What are some reasons for poor nutrition in teens?
- Busy lifestyle
- Peer pressure
- Dieting
- Financial pressure
47
Complimentary therapy is very common in treating _____
ADHD and Autism
48
What sex ed tip should be given to parents of school aged children.
That information the child may receive on the internet may not be reliable and that the parents should use appropriate resource if they choose to educate their children on this subject
49
What are some major decisions in yound adult hood?
- Career choices
- Establishing a family
- Having children
50
What happens to fatigue in middle adulthood
it increases
51
What should the nurse teach to middle adults?
- Screenings
- Exercise
- Limiting substances
- Healthy diet low in cholesterol and salt
- Maintaining a healthy BMI
52
What are the four needs (categories) of the dying patient?
- Physiologic
- Psychological
- Need for intimacy
- Spiritual
53
What are the side effects of a school aged child not getting enough sleep
Tiredness, lack of concentration, or even hyperactivness
54
What is a morbidity rate?
How often a disease occurs
55
What concept of spirituality are school aged children able to learn and should learn for healthy self worth
a sense of life purpose
56
What can a nurse teach to help provide or maintain a healthy environment
- Avoid fall situations
- Avoid clutter
- Don't overload shelves
- Don't overfill sharps containers
- Advocate for clean living spaces
- Advocate for parks
57
Self-esteem is directly connected to ____?
Body image
58
What direct questions should you ask the child about oral health?
-How often do you brush, floss, visit the dentist?
59
What does being part of faith based groups offer teens?
A support group for teens with similar values
60
What are the 5 major education subjects for young adults?
- Substance abuse
- Suicide
- Nutrition and eating disorders
- Energy drinks
- STD's, HIV
61
What is active euthanasia?
Taking specific steps to cause a patients death
62
What does a nurse need to do personally before being able to treat dying patients?
Deal with their own feelings about death and dying
63
What kind of relationship does Jean Watsons theory include?
Transpersonal caring relationship
64
What are some general considerations during a well visit for a school aged child?
- speak to the child first
- include the child in examinations
- Be alert for stressors
- Observe for physical and cognitive development
- Allow private time with provider for both child and parents
65
What happens to skin in middle adulthood
It becomes drier and wrinkle lines appear
66
What is illness prevention?
behavior motivated by a desire to avoid or detect disease or to maintain functioning within the constraints of an illness or disability
67
What does it mean when someone is bereaved?
That they are in a state of grief
68
What are the five major factors that can affect how one handles death and dying
- Age
- Family relationships
- socioeconomic positions
- Culture
- Religion
69
Are stressors physical or mental?
They can be both and they can cause eachother
70
If a nurse finds it difficult to talk to teens about sexual identity should?
Refer the teen to another coworker
71
What happens to cardiac output in middle adulthood
It begins to decrease
72
What makes it difficult for teens to get to sleep at a usual time?
The change in their internal clock. Thought to be due to a decrease in melatonin
73
What can be said about an adolescents relationship building?
They tend to begin to form stronger bonds with peers and move away from the family support structure. They still need guidance from their parents. This leads to rebellious behaviors
74
What are the two types of advanced directives?
- Durable power of attorney for health care
| - Living will
75
What is response time in middle adults slightly slower?
It takes longer to search through memories
76
What is passive euthanasia?
withdrawing medical treatment with the intention of causing the patients death.
77
What are the four most common illnesses/conditions in teens?
- Acne
- Sports injuries
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
78
What are the physical activity recommendations for a school aged child?
60 minutes a day if vigorous activity
79
What structures a persons response to stress?
culture, family, genetic inheritance, life experience
80
What is the purpose of adaptation?
To help us tolerate changing situations
81
What are the 5 stages of grief and who originally defined them?
```
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
```
Elizabeth Kubler-Ross
82
What are the nurses responsibilities in postmortem care?
- Caring for the patients body
- Caring for the family
- Discuss organ donation
- Wrapping the body
83
What are the major teaching topics for Adolescents?
Big focus on safety
- Hazards of smoking and drugs
- Self exams
- Prevention and testing for STD's and HIV
- Sunscreen
- Immunizations
84
A young adult is defined as?
A person that is physically and psychologically mature, and ready to assume adult responsibilities like being self sufficient
85
What is actual loss?
loss that can be recognized by others as well as by the person sustaining the loss
86
What are the best first steps when facing stress?
- Identify and accept the stress
| - Recognize stress and take immediate steps to reduce it
87
What are the three carative factors we focused on in class?
- Practicing loving kindness
- Be authentically present
- Creating a healing environment
88
Who are the 4 major Nurse theorists?
- Florence Nightingale
- Jean Watson
- Madeleine Leininger
- Betty Neuman
89
What is wellness?
An active state of being healthy, including living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental and emotional health
90
What are often the psychological concerns of the dying patient?
- Fear of the unknown, pain, isolation, facing death along
- Loss of control and dignity
- Having unfinished business
91
What is the focus of primary health promotion and illness prevention?
Focuses on promoting health and preventing the development of disease processes or injury
92
Besides her main theory, what else is Jean Watson known for?
Her 10 carative factors
93
What are the goals of nursing in terms of loss and grief?
Promoting a peaceful death through compassionate care and facilitating family coping
94
What does the theory of transcultural caring call for?
Nurses to immerse themselves in cultural education and implement a style of care parallel to what the patient deems suitable according to his or her cultural expectations
95
What is Madeleine Leininger best know for?
Her theory of Transcultural Caring
96
How much physical activity should teens get a day?
60 minutes
97
How much sleep do teens need a night?
9 hours
98
What behavior can alert you to a possible eating disorder?
- Desire to have a different body
- Excessive laxative use
- Excessive exercise
99
What is an acute illness?
An illness that
- Has a rapid onset
- Short duration
- Can be life threatening or treated at home
100
What does it mean to have a good death?
When one dies on their own terms, free of pain, and with dignity.
-Allows for a sense of completion
101
An illness is considered chronic if this illness meets one of what three conditions
- It is an inherited genetic defect
- It is due to exposure to chemicals
- It is caused by excessive or insufficient production of body secretions such as hormones or enzymes
102
What is a stressor?
Anything that is perceived as challenging, threatening, or demanding
103
What are some negative impacts of being tired?
- Excessive eating
- Less exercise
- Driving risk
104
What three terms are interchangeable with incivility?
-Lateral, workplace, and horizontal violence
105
How can forcing a child into an activity affect the child's self esteem?
-If the child's abilities are inadequate for the activity they will develop poor self-esteem as a result *Erikson Industry vs inferiority*
106
If a child is special needs what does the parent need to do to ensure they are active.
Special needs children may be accommodated for in school so parent needs to arrange physical activities independently
107
What happens to hearing in middle adulthood
It diminishes especially for high pitched sounds
108
What happens to hormones in middle adulthood
Production decreases
109
Why are stress, stressors, and adaptation interdependent?
Because stress and stressors prompt us to adapt
110
What are some conversation topics to talk to the school aged child about nutrition health?
The relationship between food choices and:
- Energy levels
- Sleep
- School success
- General health
- Peer pressure
111
Care for a dying patient should focus on ___
relief of symptoms using pharmacologic and non pharmacologic means
112
What is disease?
A medical term referring to a pathologic change in the structure or function of the body or mind
113
What are some examples of incivility?
- Abuse
- Shouting
- Favoritism
- Refusing to help someone in need
114
What are some suggestions to make to a teen to help increase activity?
- Walk to the store/hangout spots
| - take stairs
115
What are some good education tips for school aged nurtrition
- no eating during screen time
- 5 a day
- Healthy snacking
- Peer pressure and food choices
- Family eating
116
How much sleep should a school aged child get?
around 8-12 hours
117
What is hospice?
a philosophy on how to treat those who are sick and dying
118
What are some general considerations during a well visit for an adolsecent?
- Annual visits are rare
- Injury is the greatest risk for teens
- Avoidance of sedentary life and tobacco
- They will both have private time with provider
119
What should you look out for with high school athletes? specifically wrestlers
Food restrictions or unhealthy bulking to met weight class requirements
120
School aged children usually develop strong ____ and ____ about foods
likes and dislikes
121
What age can those taking fluoride supplements stop
14
122
WHat can be said about the health in middle adulthood?
Illness is more likely and recovery is slower
123
How can the need for intimacy be met for the dying patient?
- Allow along time with sexual partner
| - Consider the need for physical contact form loved one and allow it
124
During growth and development surveillance for a school aged child, what are the first measurements you should take and why?
- Height, weight and BMI
| - These should be plotted and feedback should be given to parents and child
125
What is the classic definition of health?
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease
126
What is the mortality rate?
How frequently death occurs from the disease
127
What does Euthanasia mean?
Good dying
128
What is terminal weaning?
a gradual withdraw of mechanical ventilation (death is not always the outcome)
129
What is a terminal illness?
An illness in which death is expected within a limited period of time
130
What is Anticipatory loss?
Loss that occurs when a person displays loss and grief behaviors for a loss that has yet to take place
131
What significance does asking a child about their best friend have?
If the child i happy and passionate about their best friends than it is a good indication of the child having good self esteem
132
What four things should a nurse assess for in an adolescent well visit?
- Obesity/BMI and related diabetes risk factors
- Scoliosis
- Anemia
- Mental health disorders
133
What is grief?
an internal emotional reaction to loss
134
How often should school aged children visit the dentist?
every 6 months
135
What are the main risk factors for teen oral health
- Chewing tobacco
- Sports injuries
- Sugar/soda
136
What is the change that takes place as a result of the response to a stressor?
Adaptation
137
How can the spiritual needs of a dying patient be met?
- accommodate as bust you can in regard to spiritual practices
- Offer to make contact with Chaplin
138
How often are well child visits recommended for school aged children?
Every 1-2 years
139
What should the you focus on when teaching nutrition for teens?
- 5 a day fruits/veg
- 3 meals a day
- whole grains
- limit fat and sugar
- 2-3 dairy servings a day
- Eat with family
140
Teens decisions about sexual behavior are not always equivalent to _____
achieving sexual maturation
141
What are the three best ways students should cope with stress?
- Exercise
- Stay Highly Organized
- Prioritize
142
What major changes happen in middle adulthood
- Meno/Andro-pause
- Increased motivation to learn
- Slightly slower response time
143
What are some relationship related topics for the nurse to discuss with teens?
- Domestic violence
- Drugs
- Jobs
- Friends
- Relationship with family
144
What happens to female calcium levels in middle adulthood
It begins to decline and is leeched from bones
145
What is assisted suicide?
The clinician provides the patient with the means to cause one's own death
146
Why is nutrition education so important for school aged children?
Because habits developed at this age carry on throughout life
147
What is an illness?
The response of a person to a disease. Unique to each person
148
If a child is ____ by mid adolescence, it is likley to stay that way through adulthood
Overweight
149
What are the leading causes of death in middle adulthood
Cancer, heart disease, injury, falls, diabetes, lung disease, strokes
150
When performing physical exams of school aged children, what considerations should be made?
- Include the child in the examination because children at this age are aware and learning about their bodies
- Explain everything that you are doing to them and answer their questions honestly
151
What 4 major vaccines should a teen have?
- Meningococcal Vaccine
- TD: Tetanus/Deptheria
- Hep A
- Hep B
152
What is a transpersonal caring relationship?
A relationship that honors the mind-body-spirit of self and patient
153
What personality trait is an indicator of a child who is less likely to have a mental illness?
A child who believes in their ability to face good times as well as bad times
