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nurse 154 nursing fundamentals > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

How is death defined legally?

A

-Irreversible cessation of all circulatory and respiratory functions and/or irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain including brainstem

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2
Q

What is secondary health promotion and illness prevention?

A

Focuses on screening for early detection of disease.

Identify illness and reverse it or cure it and return the person back to health

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3
Q

Most school aged children only go to the doctor for?

A

Minor injuries/illnesses

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4
Q

What is Mourning?

A

The actions and expressions of grief including symbols and ceremonies

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5
Q

What happens to muscle mass, strength and agility in middle adulthood

A

They gradually decrease

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6
Q

What is physical activity crucial at school age?

A
  • Develops life long habits

- Develops hand eye coordination, strength, agility, and speed

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7
Q

What is self-esteem?

A

Feelings of self worth

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8
Q

What skill should be taught to a school aged child and their parents that can help prevent disease

A

Hand washing

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9
Q

What happens to visual acuity in middle adulthood

A

Near vision diminishes (Presbyopia)

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10
Q

What is Neumans system model based on?

A

Human interactions with internal and external environmental factors

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11
Q

What mental health milestone should emerge in school aged children?

A

self-esteem

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12
Q

What are some illness behaviors

A
  • Experiencing symptoms
  • Assuming the sick role
  • Assuming the dependent role
  • Achieving recovery and rehab
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13
Q

What is loss?

A

When a valued person, object, or situation is changed or becomes unavailable

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14
Q

What is the major source of stress in out society?

A

Interpersonal relationships and performance demands

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15
Q

When is adult height usually achieved?

A

Mid to late adolescents

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16
Q

What age range is a young adult?

A

20-45 years

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17
Q

What happens to hair in middle adulthood

A

Gray hair appears and baldness can begin

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18
Q

What is to be said about the general health of school aged children?

A

They are generally healthy with only a few upper respiratory infections a year.

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19
Q

What is one of the biggest concerns in injury prevention in school aged children

A

Sport safety

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20
Q

What objective information can give clues about the childs nutritional health?

A

The condition of the child’s hair, nails, and skin as well as weight

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21
Q

What are some examples of secondary health promotion and illness prevention

A
  • Assessing children from G&D
  • Encouraging routine dental/vision exams
  • Health screening
  • Age appropriate exams
  • Medication Administration
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22
Q

How much sleep to teens typically get a night?

A

6 hours

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23
Q

What is a chronic illness?

A

A broad term that encompasses many different physical and mental alterations in health
-Requires long term and/or permanent care

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24
Q

What is Palliative care?

A

Treatment of signs of symptoms of a disease without treating the disease its self

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25
Q

What is a Durable power of attorney for health care?

A

A person who is authorized to make health care decisions when the patient is no longer able

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26
Q

If an adolescent has a lack of energy, this could likely be because what?

A

Lack of food

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27
Q

What is the age range for the middle adult?

A

40-65

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28
Q

What is a comfort measures only order?

A

An order that indicates the goal is a comfortable, dignified, death without life sustaining measures

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29
Q

What is health promotion?

A

The behavior of a person who is motivated by a personal desire to increase well-being and health potential

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30
Q

Jean Watson is know for her theory of?

A

Theory of Human Caring

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31
Q

What are tanner stages?

A

Identifiable stages in genital growth

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32
Q

Why should school aged nutrition education focus on the child and not the parents?

A

Because school aged children are becoming independent

  • some may be home alone in the afternoon and prepare their own food
  • They choose their own lunch at school
  • Teach the children to make smart choices.
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33
Q

Stress, Stressor’s, and Adaptation are all ______

A

Interdependent

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34
Q

What is voluntary cessation of eating and drinking?

What are the important considerations in this?

A

A decision made by the terminally ill, competent patient with the intention of hastening death

  • Distinguish this from natural anorexia
  • Ensure it is an informed decision and is supported by the family and health care team
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35
Q

What is Perceived loss?

A

Loss that is experienced by the person but is intangible to others Loss of youth

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36
Q

What is stress?

A

Our response to change when facing something that is perceived as a challenge, threat, or danger

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37
Q

What are the four main expression types for grief?

A

Emotional, Physical, Social, Spiritual

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38
Q

What is health?

A

An active process in which a person moves towards ones maximum potential

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39
Q

What happens to fatty tissue in middle adulthood

A

It redistributes

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40
Q

What is a living will?

A

a list of specific instructions reflecting wishes how a person wants to be cared for when they are ill

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41
Q

When should a female have a pap smear?

A

If they are sexually active

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42
Q

What age does the pressure to fit in begin?

A

around age 8

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43
Q

How can the physiologic needs of the dying patient be met?

A
  • Frequent baths
  • Linen changes
  • Mouth care
  • Pain control
  • Incontinence & Constipation
  • Position changes
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44
Q

Explain nursing managment for school aged children.

A

Since school aged children normally only come to the doctor for episodic care, it is important to assess the general health of the child during these visits and intervene when needed.

Provide reading material for the parents to go over that may bridge the gap until the next video

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45
Q

What are some examples of primary health promotion and illness prevention?

A
  • Immunization Clinics
  • Family planning services
  • Poison Control services
  • Education about diet, seat belts, farm safety
  • Weight loss
  • Diet
  • Exercise
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46
Q

What are some reasons for poor nutrition in teens?

A
  • Busy lifestyle
  • Peer pressure
  • Dieting
  • Financial pressure
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47
Q

Complimentary therapy is very common in treating _____

A

ADHD and Autism

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48
Q

What sex ed tip should be given to parents of school aged children.

A

That information the child may receive on the internet may not be reliable and that the parents should use appropriate resource if they choose to educate their children on this subject

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49
Q

What are some major decisions in yound adult hood?

A
  • Career choices
  • Establishing a family
  • Having children
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50
Q

What happens to fatigue in middle adulthood

A

it increases

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51
Q

What should the nurse teach to middle adults?

A
  • Screenings
  • Exercise
  • Limiting substances
  • Healthy diet low in cholesterol and salt
  • Maintaining a healthy BMI
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52
Q

What are the four needs (categories) of the dying patient?

A
  • Physiologic
  • Psychological
  • Need for intimacy
  • Spiritual
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53
Q

What are the side effects of a school aged child not getting enough sleep

A

Tiredness, lack of concentration, or even hyperactivness

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54
Q

What is a morbidity rate?

A

How often a disease occurs

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55
Q

What concept of spirituality are school aged children able to learn and should learn for healthy self worth

A

a sense of life purpose

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56
Q

What can a nurse teach to help provide or maintain a healthy environment

A
  • Avoid fall situations
  • Avoid clutter
  • Don’t overload shelves
  • Don’t overfill sharps containers
  • Advocate for clean living spaces
  • Advocate for parks
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57
Q

Self-esteem is directly connected to ____?

A

Body image

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58
Q

What direct questions should you ask the child about oral health?

A

-How often do you brush, floss, visit the dentist?

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59
Q

What does being part of faith based groups offer teens?

A

A support group for teens with similar values

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60
Q

What are the 5 major education subjects for young adults?

A
  • Substance abuse
  • Suicide
  • Nutrition and eating disorders
  • Energy drinks
  • STD’s, HIV
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61
Q

What is active euthanasia?

A

Taking specific steps to cause a patients death

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62
Q

What does a nurse need to do personally before being able to treat dying patients?

A

Deal with their own feelings about death and dying

63
Q

What kind of relationship does Jean Watsons theory include?

A

Transpersonal caring relationship

64
Q

What are some general considerations during a well visit for a school aged child?

A
  • speak to the child first
  • include the child in examinations
  • Be alert for stressors
  • Observe for physical and cognitive development
  • Allow private time with provider for both child and parents
65
Q

What happens to skin in middle adulthood

A

It becomes drier and wrinkle lines appear

66
Q

What is illness prevention?

A

behavior motivated by a desire to avoid or detect disease or to maintain functioning within the constraints of an illness or disability

67
Q

What does it mean when someone is bereaved?

A

That they are in a state of grief

68
Q

What are the five major factors that can affect how one handles death and dying

A
  • Age
  • Family relationships
  • socioeconomic positions
  • Culture
  • Religion
69
Q

Are stressors physical or mental?

A

They can be both and they can cause eachother

70
Q

If a nurse finds it difficult to talk to teens about sexual identity should?

A

Refer the teen to another coworker

71
Q

What happens to cardiac output in middle adulthood

A

It begins to decrease

72
Q

What makes it difficult for teens to get to sleep at a usual time?

A

The change in their internal clock. Thought to be due to a decrease in melatonin

73
Q

What can be said about an adolescents relationship building?

A

They tend to begin to form stronger bonds with peers and move away from the family support structure. They still need guidance from their parents. This leads to rebellious behaviors

74
Q

What are the two types of advanced directives?

A
  • Durable power of attorney for health care

- Living will

75
Q

What is response time in middle adults slightly slower?

A

It takes longer to search through memories

76
Q

What is passive euthanasia?

A

withdrawing medical treatment with the intention of causing the patients death.

77
Q

What are the four most common illnesses/conditions in teens?

A
  • Acne
  • Sports injuries
  • Constipation
  • Diarrhea
78
Q

What are the physical activity recommendations for a school aged child?

A

60 minutes a day if vigorous activity

79
Q

What structures a persons response to stress?

A

culture, family, genetic inheritance, life experience

80
Q

What is the purpose of adaptation?

A

To help us tolerate changing situations

81
Q

What are the 5 stages of grief and who originally defined them?

A 
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

Elizabeth Kubler-Ross

82
Q

What are the nurses responsibilities in postmortem care?

A
  • Caring for the patients body
  • Caring for the family
  • Discuss organ donation
  • Wrapping the body
83
Q

What are the major teaching topics for Adolescents?

A

Big focus on safety

  • Hazards of smoking and drugs
  • Self exams
  • Prevention and testing for STD’s and HIV
  • Sunscreen
  • Immunizations
84
Q

A young adult is defined as?

A

A person that is physically and psychologically mature, and ready to assume adult responsibilities like being self sufficient

85
Q

What is actual loss?

A

loss that can be recognized by others as well as by the person sustaining the loss

86
Q

What are the best first steps when facing stress?

A
  • Identify and accept the stress

- Recognize stress and take immediate steps to reduce it

87
Q

What are the three carative factors we focused on in class?

A
  • Practicing loving kindness
  • Be authentically present
  • Creating a healing environment
88
Q

Who are the 4 major Nurse theorists?

A
  • Florence Nightingale
  • Jean Watson
  • Madeleine Leininger
  • Betty Neuman
89
Q

What is wellness?

A

An active state of being healthy, including living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental and emotional health

90
Q

What are often the psychological concerns of the dying patient?

A
  • Fear of the unknown, pain, isolation, facing death along
  • Loss of control and dignity
  • Having unfinished business
91
Q

What is the focus of primary health promotion and illness prevention?

A

Focuses on promoting health and preventing the development of disease processes or injury

92
Q

Besides her main theory, what else is Jean Watson known for?

A

Her 10 carative factors

93
Q

What are the goals of nursing in terms of loss and grief?

A

Promoting a peaceful death through compassionate care and facilitating family coping

94
Q

What does the theory of transcultural caring call for?

A

Nurses to immerse themselves in cultural education and implement a style of care parallel to what the patient deems suitable according to his or her cultural expectations

95
Q

What is Madeleine Leininger best know for?

A

Her theory of Transcultural Caring

96
Q

How much physical activity should teens get a day?

A

60 minutes

97
Q

How much sleep do teens need a night?

A

9 hours

98
Q

What behavior can alert you to a possible eating disorder?

A
  • Desire to have a different body
  • Excessive laxative use
  • Excessive exercise
99
Q

What is an acute illness?

A

An illness that

  • Has a rapid onset
  • Short duration
  • Can be life threatening or treated at home
100
Q

What does it mean to have a good death?

A

When one dies on their own terms, free of pain, and with dignity.
-Allows for a sense of completion

101
Q

An illness is considered chronic if this illness meets one of what three conditions

A
  • It is an inherited genetic defect
  • It is due to exposure to chemicals
  • It is caused by excessive or insufficient production of body secretions such as hormones or enzymes
102
Q

What is a stressor?

A

Anything that is perceived as challenging, threatening, or demanding

103
Q

What are some negative impacts of being tired?

A
  • Excessive eating
  • Less exercise
  • Driving risk
104
Q

What three terms are interchangeable with incivility?

A

-Lateral, workplace, and horizontal violence

105
Q

How can forcing a child into an activity affect the child’s self esteem?

A

-If the child’s abilities are inadequate for the activity they will develop poor self-esteem as a result Erikson Industry vs inferiority

106
Q

If a child is special needs what does the parent need to do to ensure they are active.

A

Special needs children may be accommodated for in school so parent needs to arrange physical activities independently

107
Q

What happens to hearing in middle adulthood

A

It diminishes especially for high pitched sounds

108
Q

What happens to hormones in middle adulthood

A

Production decreases

109
Q

Why are stress, stressors, and adaptation interdependent?

A

Because stress and stressors prompt us to adapt

110
Q

What are some conversation topics to talk to the school aged child about nutrition health?

A

The relationship between food choices and:

  • Energy levels
  • Sleep
  • School success
  • General health
  • Peer pressure
111
Q

Care for a dying patient should focus on ___

A

relief of symptoms using pharmacologic and non pharmacologic means

112
Q

What is disease?

A

A medical term referring to a pathologic change in the structure or function of the body or mind

113
Q

What are some examples of incivility?

A
  • Abuse
  • Shouting
  • Favoritism
  • Refusing to help someone in need
114
Q

What are some suggestions to make to a teen to help increase activity?

A
  • Walk to the store/hangout spots

- take stairs

115
Q

What are some good education tips for school aged nurtrition

A
  • no eating during screen time
  • 5 a day
  • Healthy snacking
  • Peer pressure and food choices
  • Family eating
116
Q

How much sleep should a school aged child get?

A

around 8-12 hours

117
Q

What is hospice?

A

a philosophy on how to treat those who are sick and dying

118
Q

What are some general considerations during a well visit for an adolsecent?

A
  • Annual visits are rare
  • Injury is the greatest risk for teens
  • Avoidance of sedentary life and tobacco
  • They will both have private time with provider
119
Q

What should you look out for with high school athletes? specifically wrestlers

A

Food restrictions or unhealthy bulking to met weight class requirements

120
Q

School aged children usually develop strong ____ and ____ about foods

A

likes and dislikes

121
Q

What age can those taking fluoride supplements stop

A

14

122
Q

WHat can be said about the health in middle adulthood?

A

Illness is more likely and recovery is slower

123
Q

How can the need for intimacy be met for the dying patient?

A
  • Allow along time with sexual partner

- Consider the need for physical contact form loved one and allow it

124
Q

During growth and development surveillance for a school aged child, what are the first measurements you should take and why?

A
  • Height, weight and BMI

- These should be plotted and feedback should be given to parents and child

125
Q

What is the classic definition of health?

A

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease

126
Q

What is the mortality rate?

A

How frequently death occurs from the disease

127
Q

What does Euthanasia mean?

A

Good dying

128
Q

What is terminal weaning?

A

a gradual withdraw of mechanical ventilation (death is not always the outcome)

129
Q

What is a terminal illness?

A

An illness in which death is expected within a limited period of time

130
Q

What is Anticipatory loss?

A

Loss that occurs when a person displays loss and grief behaviors for a loss that has yet to take place

131
Q

What significance does asking a child about their best friend have?

A

If the child i happy and passionate about their best friends than it is a good indication of the child having good self esteem

132
Q

What four things should a nurse assess for in an adolescent well visit?

A
  • Obesity/BMI and related diabetes risk factors
  • Scoliosis
  • Anemia
  • Mental health disorders
133
Q

What is grief?

A

an internal emotional reaction to loss

134
Q

How often should school aged children visit the dentist?

A

every 6 months

135
Q

What are the main risk factors for teen oral health

A
  • Chewing tobacco
  • Sports injuries
  • Sugar/soda
136
Q

What is the change that takes place as a result of the response to a stressor?

A

Adaptation

137
Q

How can the spiritual needs of a dying patient be met?

A
  • accommodate as bust you can in regard to spiritual practices
  • Offer to make contact with Chaplin
138
Q

How often are well child visits recommended for school aged children?

A

Every 1-2 years

139
Q

What should the you focus on when teaching nutrition for teens?

A
  • 5 a day fruits/veg
  • 3 meals a day
  • whole grains
  • limit fat and sugar
  • 2-3 dairy servings a day
  • Eat with family
140
Q

Teens decisions about sexual behavior are not always equivalent to _____

A

achieving sexual maturation

141
Q

What are the three best ways students should cope with stress?

A
  • Exercise
  • Stay Highly Organized
  • Prioritize
142
Q

What major changes happen in middle adulthood

A
  • Meno/Andro-pause
  • Increased motivation to learn
  • Slightly slower response time
143
Q

What are some relationship related topics for the nurse to discuss with teens?

A
  • Domestic violence
  • Drugs
  • Jobs
  • Friends
  • Relationship with family
144
Q

What happens to female calcium levels in middle adulthood

A

It begins to decline and is leeched from bones

145
Q

What is assisted suicide?

A

The clinician provides the patient with the means to cause one’s own death

146
Q

Why is nutrition education so important for school aged children?

A

Because habits developed at this age carry on throughout life

147
Q

What is an illness?

A

The response of a person to a disease. Unique to each person

148
Q

If a child is ____ by mid adolescence, it is likley to stay that way through adulthood

A

Overweight

149
Q

What are the leading causes of death in middle adulthood

A

Cancer, heart disease, injury, falls, diabetes, lung disease, strokes

150
Q

When performing physical exams of school aged children, what considerations should be made?

A
  • Include the child in the examination because children at this age are aware and learning about their bodies
  • Explain everything that you are doing to them and answer their questions honestly
151
Q

What 4 major vaccines should a teen have?

A
  • Meningococcal Vaccine
  • TD: Tetanus/Deptheria
  • Hep A
  • Hep B
152
Q

What is a transpersonal caring relationship?

A

A relationship that honors the mind-body-spirit of self and patient

153
Q

What personality trait is an indicator of a child who is less likely to have a mental illness?

A

A child who believes in their ability to face good times as well as bad times

nurse 154 nursing fundamentals (10 decks)

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