Week 8 Flashcards
What’s a locus?
the position in a chromosome of a particular gene or allele
What’s a genotype?
It’s the genetic constitution of a given phentoype
What are the mechanisms of evolution?
- Mutation
- Gene Flow
- Genetic Drift
- Natural Selection
- Non-Random Mating
What’s Genetic Drift?
The process by which allele frequency fluctuate by chance. Random change in the allele frequency from one generation to the next.
Genetic drift effect is bigger on___
Small Populations
When does gene flow occurs?
When alleles are transferred from one population to another via movements of individuals or gametes
What’s a population?
A group of organisms ot the same species living within a prescribed geographical area
What are the two categories of population:
- Global population
- Local population
Why we use Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
To determine if one of the mechanisms of evolution is occuring
What are the six assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
- Random Mating
- Allele frequencies are the same in male and female
- Resulting genotypes equal in survival and fertility
- No Mutations
- No Migrations
- Population has infinite size
What happens if the six assumption of Hardy-Weinberg are true?
The frequency of alleles remain constant and produce genotype in that given proportion.
What’s gene pool?
It’s the sume of all copies of all alleles at all loci found in a population
What’s a polymorphic population?
A population that has got more than one allele at a given locus.
What does allele frequency measure?
The amount of genetic variation in a population
What does genotype frequency measures?
How genetic variation is distributed among the members of a population
Why we assume that the population size is infinite in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium?
The larger the population the smaller the effect genetic drift will be
Describe mutations
Heritable change in the DNA sequence and the origin of genetic variation.
What are the 3 types of mutations:
- Harmful
- Neutral
- Beneficial
What’s gene flow?
Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations
What’s non-random mating?
The process by which individuals in a population don’t choose mates at random.
Why interbreeding can be harmful?
Because the rate of recessive alleles being homozygous increase
What does selection do to a population?
It may promotes novel material and increase the allele frequency in a population
What does a population do when you sto pressuring it with a selective regime?
It immediately return to Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
What’s a diploid?
An organism that have two haploid sets of homologous chromosomes
What’s the genotype?
The genetic constitution of an organism
