Week 8 Flashcards
What’s a locus?
the position in a chromosome of a particular gene or allele
What’s a genotype?
It’s the genetic constitution of a given phentoype
What are the mechanisms of evolution?
- Mutation
- Gene Flow
- Genetic Drift
- Natural Selection
- Non-Random Mating
What’s Genetic Drift?
The process by which allele frequency fluctuate by chance. Random change in the allele frequency from one generation to the next.
Genetic drift effect is bigger on___
Small Populations
When does gene flow occurs?
When alleles are transferred from one population to another via movements of individuals or gametes
What’s a population?
A group of organisms ot the same species living within a prescribed geographical area
What are the two categories of population:
- Global population
- Local population
Why we use Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
To determine if one of the mechanisms of evolution is occuring
What are the six assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
- Random Mating
- Allele frequencies are the same in male and female
- Resulting genotypes equal in survival and fertility
- No Mutations
- No Migrations
- Population has infinite size
What happens if the six assumption of Hardy-Weinberg are true?
The frequency of alleles remain constant and produce genotype in that given proportion.
What’s gene pool?
It’s the sume of all copies of all alleles at all loci found in a population
What’s a polymorphic population?
A population that has got more than one allele at a given locus.
What does allele frequency measure?
The amount of genetic variation in a population
What does genotype frequency measures?
How genetic variation is distributed among the members of a population
