Week 4 Flashcards
What are the two different type of cells in the body?
Somatic and germ cells.
What are the carachteristics of somatic cells?
- Non reproductive body cells
- Differentiate, function and die before or with the organism
What are the carachteristics of germ cells?
They form gamets and provide continuity of life between generations
What are the 4 reproductive strategies?
Asexual reproduction, parthenogenesis, hermaphroditism and sexual reproduction.
Describe asexual reproduction.
It produces genetically identical cells from a single parent cell. Single-celled organisms undergo fission.
Describe parthenogenesis
Female can reproduce from unfertilized eggs
Describe hermaphroditism
One individual has both testes and ovaries. It can be sequential.
Desrcibe the two types of sequential hermaphroditism:
Protoginy: female to male
Protandry: male to female
Describe the 5 different type of sex determination:
- XX/XY (XY is male)
- XX/XO (XO is male)
- ZZ/ZW (ZW is female)
- Haploidiploid (Haploid is male)
- Temperature sensitive sex determination: lot of individuals of one sex at a precise temperature
What’s Muller’s Ratchet?
A theories that says that sexual reproduction is advantageous because it purges deleterious mutations.
What’s Fisher-Muller Hypotesis?
Sex may facilitate response to environmental change. Generating new gene combinations allow population to track dynamic environment. Adaptive favorable mutations can be combined horizontally through the population.
What’s Red Queen Hypotesis?
Coevolution of parasites and host may produce rapid environmental changes and therefore sex may be advantageous for the individual.
