Week 3

Question 1

What’s fitness?

Answer 1

The reproductive contribution of a phenotype to subsequent generation related to the contribution of other phenotypes within the population.

Question 2

Describe differential survival of offspring:

Answer 2

Most organisms produce a great number of offspring with different phenotypic characters. Those that survive and reproduce will prevale over popluation. If the traits are good the frequencies of allels that produce that phenotype will increase in the population.

Question 3

Natural selection act directly on the___

Answer 3

Phenotype

Question 4

Natural selection act indirectly on the___

Answer 4

Genotype

Question 5

Describe continuous variation

Answer 5

There are no distinct categories and it’s quantitative. You have a range of values and it’s the result of a series of quantitative tratis influenced by alleles at many loci.

Question 6

Describe discontinuous variation:

Answer 6

There are distinct categories and it’s based upon measure that can’t be put in a range (qualitative variation). It’s the result of quantitative trait influenced by alleles in a single loci.

Question 7

What’s gene pool?

Answer 7

The sum of all copies of alleles at all loci found in a population.

Question 8

What’s an adaptation?

Answer 8

A favored trait the evolve through natural selection.

Question 9

What’s allele frequency?

Answer 9

proportion of each allele in the gene pool

Question 10

What’s genotype frequency?

Answer 10

proportion of each genotype in the gene pool

Question 11

What are the four process other than natural selection acting in nature?

Answer 11

1- Mutations
2- Gene flow
3- Genetic drift
4- Non random mating

Question 12

Describe the mutation process in evolution

Answer 12

Is a source of genetic variation.

Question 13

What are the three types of mutations?

Answer 13

Deleterious, neutral and beneficial

Question 14

What’s gene flow?

Answer 14

Migrations of individuals and movements of the gametes between population can change allele frequency.

Question 15

What’s genetic drift?

Answer 15

Random change of allele frequency in one generation to the next that changes allele frequency over time.

Question 16

What’s non random mating?

Answer 16

Individuals mate preferentially with other individuals with one specific genotype.

Question 17

What’s a neutral allele?

Answer 17

An allele that doesn’t affect the fitness of an organism

Question 18

What’s a species?

Answer 18

A group of similar organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile and viable offspring.

Question 19

What’s reproductive isolation?

Answer 19

Is a mechanism that restrict gene’s flow.

Question 20

What are the three different geographic causes of speciation?

Answer 20

Allopatric speciation, parapatric speciation and sympatric speciation

Question 21

What’s allopatric speciation?

Answer 21

A new species evolve because it’s geographically isolated from its ancestor. They’re separated by a physical barrier.

Question 22

What’s parapatric speciation?

Answer 22

The new species evolve ina geographically contiguous population.

Question 23

What’s sympatric speciation?

Answer 23

The new species evolve within the geogrpahic range of its ancestor.

Question 24

What’s reinforcement?

Answer 24

Enhancement of reproductive isolation by natural selection.