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kin 244 > Week 8 > Flashcards

Week 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Determinants of physical activity

A
  • downstream; individual factors shaping physical activity
  • upstream; structural/ societal factors shaping physical activity
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2
Q

BMI

A
  • never meant to be used as a clinical tool for individuals. Useful at a population level
  • does not take into account racial, ethnic or other differences or how body fat is distributed
  • BMI as a screening tool,
  • or gateway tool plus other measures
  • it offers as a starting point
  • it identifies students who needs some extra support
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3
Q

Beliefs about sport and class

A

Sports are available to everyone especially at amateur level, anyone can “make it” in sports if they work hard enough
- there is a shame concept where if they don’t make it, it means they didn’t work hard enough
- sports offer a level playing field ( all that matters is your talent or skill )
- those from disadvantaged backgrounds can achieve upward mobility through sports, success
- beliefs if you work hard enough you can be in the pinnacle of the sport that you want to be in

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4
Q

Sports and class and power

A

Sports and sports participation are deeply enmeshed in issues of money and power (in terms of social influence and political power)

  • they are linked to the distribution of economic, political and social resources in a society
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5
Q

Social class

A
  • categories of people who share an economic position in society based on a combination of their income (earnings), wealth ( possessions), education, occupation and social connections, more than in the sociological definition its just income or earnings
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6
Q

Life chances

A

Class- the odds of someone being able to achieve economic power and financial success, life chances pertaining to class

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7
Q

Social mobility

A
  • changes in wealth, education and occupation over a persons lifetime or from one generation to the next in families
  • children who are born in wealthy and influential world in its more likely for them to be set up (successful) for that type of society in the future
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8
Q

Economic resources are key to

A
  • Being able to develop, maintain and promote formally organized sports
  • those who have a financial means often use their power to support and sponsor their preferred sports
  • childhood neighbourhood examples pertaining to class and physical culture opportunities
    Having a private yard especially during the times of pandemic where it could give you the sense of freedom for physical activity
  • a park is more important for families who does not have that type of outdoor space, having sidewalks are an advantage for physical culture opportunities
  • type of neighbourhood you live in can tend to have an impact and could reflect the type of social class are you in
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9
Q

Rags to riches

A

Common feel good stories about athletes rising from humble beginnings to the highest social and economic classes of society based thoroughly playing pro sports

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10
Q

Do sports media corporations tend to promote this narrative of rags to riches

A

Yes through espn series called the power of sports

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11
Q

Why is the narrative rags to riches

A
  • to help inspire people its an intoxicating narrative
  • they are reflecting the biography and life path of the athletes
  • tend to see sport as isolated in the society ( its often romanticized)
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12
Q

What countries are seen as meritocracies and why

A

Canada and United States are societies in which everyone has a equal chance of success and high achievement,they both reflect social mobility

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13
Q

Meritocracy

A
  • a hierarchical ranking and reward system in which an individual demonstrated performance determines where the individual will end up in the hierarchy
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14
Q

True or false sport is seen as a true meritocracy and elaborate on it

A

True because it ranks and rewards those who make the most of their ability through their personal dedication to long term preparation, sacrifice and concerted, concentrated effort during competition

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15
Q

Before sport can be truly meritocratic the system must have 2 fundamental equalities in place

A
  • equality of opportunity
  • equality of condition
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16
Q

If it truly were a meritocratic system every potential participant…

A

Must have the chance to take part and must be able to do so under the same conditions

But we know this is not the case because of disparities in availability of clubs or leagues, access to equipment and coaches, programming, promotions, practice facilities.

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17
Q

Social mobility and professional sports

A
  • making it to the professional level: odds
  • other concerns; length of professional career, injuries and disability
18
Q

If there is barrier to participation example gender discrimination

A
  • then the system is not truly meritocratic, full population can not fully engage
19
Q

economic success is seen to be evidence

A
  • Of individual worth and character
  • no consideration of how difficult upward social mobility is to achieve, nor factors like sexism, homophobia
20
Q

Economic success is a metritomatic system true or false

A

False

21
Q

Social mobility and professional sport and concerns

A

Making it to the professional level
3000; 1 nba
5000: 1 wnba

Length of professional career
Injuries and disability (post retirement prospects)
Opportunity costs ( education)

22
Q

Association between social class and sports participation was established by

A

Scholars as early as the 1970s and continues to exist today

23
Q

What does social mobility and professional sports studies show

A
  • Olympic athletes tend to come from privileged families
24
Q

Consequences for rags to riches

A

Narrative and upward social mobility

25
Q

Social class and patterns of social participation

A
  • who participates in sports
  • how they participate
  • who watches sports
  • in many parts of the world organized sports are luxury items
  • are all related to social class
26
Q

Wealth and sports participation: global trends lead to

A
  • high incomes
  • higher status occupations
  • higher education levels
    Lead to
  • highest levels of sports participation
  • spectatorship at live events
  • even tv viewership and even in streaming era
27
Q

Once commonality…

A

People who have high income and high status, have the highest rates of sports participation, spectatorship for lives

28
Q

For those who have lower incomes or live in poverty

A

Their lives rarely include regular participation in sports

29
Q

For those who have lower incomes or live in poverty their what is their consequences for health

A
  • consequences for health
  • gender component (women make up the bulk of those living
  • persistent disparities in free time for sport and leisure given childcare responsibilities
30
Q

Sport participation in Canada

A
  • justification for government funding for high performance sport in Canada; will inspire everyday citizens to join sport
31
Q

What is the idea of knock on benefits

A

Directly through taxes and indirectly through restaurants and tourist things (do smthin good, more good things come out of it )

32
Q

Increase in government funding for high performance sports results in

A

More medals for Canadian athletes won
And its a direct cause

33
Q

Increase government funding for high performance sport results

A

in decrease in broad based participation in sport

34
Q

What changes would be needed in the funding structure you ensure grass root participation and what support

A
  • strong policies to ensure support at grassroots participation and early low cost sport development programs
  • support is budget, staff and infrastructure
35
Q

Our stadiums a good public investment?

A
  • collective enthusiasm, civic pride aspect
    • Using the facility for other events like concerts, conventions, other sports, uni
    • New jobs (construction) ( economic trickle down effect)
    • Tourist attraction in itself
36
Q

What are the arguments for using tax dollars to pay for stadiums?

A

• tax payers suggest that if they pay for taxes why are we paying for games
• Taxes going to stadiums but not for free food at schools for school

37
Q

What’s a public subsidy and an example

A

A form of taxes put towards building or renovating facilities for major international events (Olympus, Pan AM games)
- these facilities used by pro sports teams example is saddledome for olympics used by flames

38
Q

As public funds support major forms of sport entertainment people with wealth and power receive

A

Subsidies and income which they use to maintain their financial privilege

39
Q

Does the public benefit from large investment in facilities

A

No because of user fees, large cuts to public sector supported sports programs, facilities and municipal recreation and fees are associated with decrease in participation

40
Q

Benefits from publicly subsidized sport facilities are seen by

A

Rich people, professionals and high performance sport participants as well as corporations

kin 244 (9 decks)

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