week 11

Question 1

What are two fairness and equity issues in gender and sport?

Answer 1

• Sport participation patterns (girls and women)
• Inequities: participation opportunities, coaching/admin jobs, financial support for athletes

Question 2

Gender ideology in sports is —- and what does it reflect

Answer 2

Produced and reproduced

• a dialectical relationship

Question 3

True or false gender ideology in sports can constrain peoples lives

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Gender ideology in sport can undermine..

Answer 4

Equity

Question 5

What are the two barriers in the equity of participation in sport

Answer 5

1. Ideological; web of ideas and beliefs
2. Structural; organization and distribution of opportunities and financial resources to use these opportunities

Question 6

Sex

Answer 6

• Sex refers to the biological differences between males and females. It encompasses the concepts of maleness and femaleness. However, the sources note that there is a spectrum or range when it comes to sex.

Question 7

Gender

Answer 7

• Gender, on the other hand, is a social definition of what masculinity and femininity is or should be. It is an idea that has been developed and modified over time in order to classify certain types of behaviours. Gender expresses expectations for “proper” sports participation. People can identify with their biological sex or have a different self-conception.

Question 8

True or false people can have a different self perceptions and gender identity than their given sex

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Sex is less biologically determined and more of a societal factor true or false

Answer 9

False this pertains to gender not sex

Question 10

Gender has more of a societal factor behind it and you are socialized into gender roles from a young age, genders are more of a role you play true or false

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Sex and gender roles

Answer 11

• traits and behaviours are often considered to be innately male or female
• socially constructed

Question 12

What are the four elements that interact to shape experiences, identities and bodies in the social construction of gender (what shapes our understanding of gender)

Answer 12

• ideological formations ( value, beliefs and ideas) exp “boys don’t cry”
• institutional structures (rules and systems)
  Exp dress code say women wear skirt
• cultural texts (media, forms and content)
  Exp- damsel in distress
• cultural practices ( activities we do to express gender, routine)
  Exp- girls encouraged to do ballet where boys are encouraged to play football

Question 13

People act in ways that perpetuate

Answer 13

• the gendered institutions that they have learned And a way they do this by participating in sports and PA

Question 14

Individual is produced by —— but also reproduces ]———- through their actions

Answer 14

Society, but also reproduces gender expectations/norms through their actions
- active bodies shape and are shaped by social context

Question 15

Active bodies shape and are shaped by their

Answer 15

Social context

Question 16

Masculinity

Answer 16

• the images ideas and symbols traditionally defined as belonging to men

Question 17

Femininity

Answer 17

• the images, ideas and symbols traditionally defined as belonging to the female gender

Question 18

Gender order

Answer 18

• social system characterized by unequal power relations
• struggle between different masculinities (specifically, certain expressions of masculinity) and femininities
• options for participation

Question 19

How does gender order affect the options for participation

Answer 19

• who gets to play
• how do they get to play
• under what conditions can they play
  ( idealized forms of femininity and masculinity as expressed in respective idealized forms of PA for each gender

Question 20

How can sports participation for boys and girls be impacted by gender ideology

Answer 20

• belief that girls are hardwired for aesthetic sports and boys are hardwired for aggressive sports

Question 21

Sociologists argue that sport is the

Answer 21

Leading definer of masculinity in todays society

Question 22

Sociologists argue that sports that are identified as traditionally male or female become a —-

Answer 22

Vehicle for expressing dominant understanding of that gender

Question 23

With traditionally masculine sports

Answer 23

• there is a element of rough physical contact associated with masculinity, assumed heterosexuality and unemotionalism

Question 24

What is considered masculine and feminine sports have shifted in the last 15 years True or False

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What are the consequences of Increasing participation of women in sports like rugby and hockey

Answer 25

• Challenges stereotypes about women’s sports,abilities, capabilities and the idealized feminine forms of sporting activities
• the elements of traditionally masculine sports become associated with these women and these are now becoming accepted as female attributes as well
• cause us to question our assumptions about gender norms outside of sports

Question 26

Sports can challenge —-

Answer 26

Restrictive notions of masculinity and femininity, societal constructs associated and shows alternative embodiments of masculinity and femininity

Question 27

Late 1980s Canada

Answer 27

There were no athletes that was out to their team mates, lots of homophobia

Question 28

Hazing and its purpose

Answer 28

Extreme forms of initiation, has historically been understood to be sexist and homophobic

Purpose- rite of passage, get someone into social circle

Question 29

Homohysteria

Answer 29

• heterosexual men’s fear of being publicly homosexualized by violating rigid boundaries of heteromasculinity

Question 30

Same sex sexual activities

Answer 30

-Prevalent in hazing in men’s rugby and hockey teams
-gay chicken, prove allegiance to team and development of homophobic team culture
- reinforcement of hegemonic masculinity norms