week 11 Flashcards
What are two fairness and equity issues in gender and sport?
- Sport participation patterns (girls and women)
- Inequities: participation opportunities, coaching/admin jobs, financial support for athletes
Gender ideology in sports is —- and what does it reflect
Produced and reproduced
- a dialectical relationship
True or false gender ideology in sports can constrain peoples lives
True
Gender ideology in sport can undermine..
Equity
What are the two barriers in the equity of participation in sport
- Ideological; web of ideas and beliefs
- Structural; organization and distribution of opportunities and financial resources to use these opportunities
Sex
- Sex refers to the biological differences between males and females. It encompasses the concepts of maleness and femaleness. However, the sources note that there is a spectrum or range when it comes to sex.
Gender
- Gender, on the other hand, is a social definition of what masculinity and femininity is or should be. It is an idea that has been developed and modified over time in order to classify certain types of behaviours. Gender expresses expectations for “proper” sports participation. People can identify with their biological sex or have a different self-conception.
True or false people can have a different self perceptions and gender identity than their given sex
True
Sex is less biologically determined and more of a societal factor true or false
False this pertains to gender not sex
Gender has more of a societal factor behind it and you are socialized into gender roles from a young age, genders are more of a role you play true or false
True
Sex and gender roles
- traits and behaviours are often considered to be innately male or female
- socially constructed
What are the four elements that interact to shape experiences, identities and bodies in the social construction of gender (what shapes our understanding of gender)
- ideological formations ( value, beliefs and ideas) exp “boys don’t cry”
- institutional structures (rules and systems)
Exp dress code say women wear skirt - cultural texts (media, forms and content)
Exp- damsel in distress - cultural practices ( activities we do to express gender, routine)
Exp- girls encouraged to do ballet where boys are encouraged to play football
People act in ways that perpetuate
- the gendered institutions that they have learned And a way they do this by participating in sports and PA
Individual is produced by —— but also reproduces ]———- through their actions
Society, but also reproduces gender expectations/norms through their actions
- active bodies shape and are shaped by social context
Active bodies shape and are shaped by their
Social context
Masculinity
- the images ideas and symbols traditionally defined as belonging to men
Femininity
- the images, ideas and symbols traditionally defined as belonging to the female gender
Gender order
- social system characterized by unequal power relations
- struggle between different masculinities (specifically, certain expressions of masculinity) and femininities
- options for participation
How does gender order affect the options for participation
- who gets to play
- how do they get to play
- under what conditions can they play
( idealized forms of femininity and masculinity as expressed in respective idealized forms of PA for each gender
How can sports participation for boys and girls be impacted by gender ideology
- belief that girls are hardwired for aesthetic sports and boys are hardwired for aggressive sports
Sociologists argue that sport is the
Leading definer of masculinity in todays society
Sociologists argue that sports that are identified as traditionally male or female become a —-
Vehicle for expressing dominant understanding of that gender
With traditionally masculine sports
- there is a element of rough physical contact associated with masculinity, assumed heterosexuality and unemotionalism
What is considered masculine and feminine sports have shifted in the last 15 years True or False
True
What are the consequences of Increasing participation of women in sports like rugby and hockey
- Challenges stereotypes about women’s sports,abilities, capabilities and the idealized feminine forms of sporting activities
- the elements of traditionally masculine sports become associated with these women and these are now becoming accepted as female attributes as well
- cause us to question our assumptions about gender norms outside of sports
Sports can challenge —-
Restrictive notions of masculinity and femininity, societal constructs associated and shows alternative embodiments of masculinity and femininity
Late 1980s Canada
There were no athletes that was out to their team mates, lots of homophobia
Hazing and its purpose
Extreme forms of initiation, has historically been understood to be sexist and homophobic
Purpose- rite of passage, get someone into social circle
Homohysteria
- heterosexual men’s fear of being publicly homosexualized by violating rigid boundaries of heteromasculinity
Same sex sexual activities
-Prevalent in hazing in men’s rugby and hockey teams
-gay chicken, prove allegiance to team and development of homophobic team culture
- reinforcement of hegemonic masculinity norms
