Week 10 Flashcards
Person first language
- Foregrounds the personhood of the individual
- person with a disability instead if disabled person
- current standard
- preferred language for able people
Identity first language
- the persons impairment or disability comes first
- most commonly used by people within the disabled community to describe themselves
- used with pride
Sports are often the centre of what for people with disabilities and why
Inclusion battle
because it is culturally visible and significant and believed to be important socializing experiences hampered by finite resources
How to determine what it means to be able-bodied
Hard to determine who is psychologically, physically and emotionally disabled, disability is related to the real and often inconvenient impairments but it has a central social dimension, determined by societies norms
Ableism
Interrelated ideas and beliefs that are widely used to identify problems as physically or intellectually disabled
True or false Ableism can justify treating people with disabilities as inferior
True
Ableism rejects that
Physical and intellectual variation is natural and Normal
Ableism ignores
The socially contracted nature of disability
3 categories of discrimination ableism
- Institutional or structural; societal level
- Interpersonal
- Internalized
Why are these decisions of whose disabled political?
• Policies determine who gets access to resources like benefits, accommodations, or funding.
• Power and priorities influence what is recognized as a “valid” disability.
Medical model of disability
- Disability is an individualized condition and responsibility is on the person to overcome their disability
- sharp distinction between disabled and normal not a spectrum
- medical intervention focus on making disabled normal
Social model of disability
- preferred by disability rights advocated and UN
- non accessible environment is the problem not the person with disabled disabilities
Athletes with a disability are expected to explain
Why their bodies are different
Examples of disabling barriers
- physical environmental- example elevates
- political- separation from able and disabled students in classroom
- social/ attitudinal- lack of representation in media and interpersonal
Universal design with disabled people
- products, buildings etc can be used by everyone to the greatest extent possible
- aims to minimize need for add on products or devices that can be expensive and stigmatizing
- altering the environment to support al individuals at all levels of ability
(Shift from disability specific design to a more holistic approach that can address all needs)
Mainstream society emphasizes
Normalcy
Visible impairments in the empire of the normal require
Polite responses to questions like
1. What happened to you
2. Why are you this way
Paralympics history and other effort before his
- Ludwig guttman of the stroke mandeville hospital WWII era England
- sport as rehabilitation for injured veterans
Before him
- deaf games 1888
- blind games 1909
First competition of injured veterans was in, how many wheelchair users participated in the Olympic Games in London
1948
16 wheelchair users
Paralympics 1960s and early 1970s
- Largely white men with spinal cord injury amputated and or visual impairments
- movement to include athletes with cerebral palsy and intellectual disabilities Guttman opposed
There are eugenic hierarchies of disabled true or false
True
Modern Paralympics
emphasis on competition, sponsorship and spectator interest = cutting out events
Consequences of modern Paralympics
- Women, those with more significant impairments, and
those with congenital: disabilities from birth
• participation decreased - loss of funding for these events since its not connected to high performance potential
What are the internal challenged in Paralympics
- how to get commerical success
- how to create fair competition, athletes grouped by impairment level hard to gauge
- how to organize and categorize athletes competition categories based on the type and seriousness of the physical impairment= functional abilities approach
Tense relationship between the IOC and the IPC:
The IOC had not wanted to share resources ,publicity, media coverage, or sponsors with the IPC
• 2016:New agreement signed between both parties
• Current media contracts for covering the Olympic Games now also cover the rights to cover the Paralympic Games
Special Olympics and founded when
- sponsors 50 000 competitors a year and raised more money than any other NGO worldwide
- 1968
- growing scientific evidence that PA was beneficial to children with intellectual disabilities
- for individuals with a range of intellectual disabilities, inclusive of neurodiverse conditions
How does special Olympics contrast to Paralympics
Not high performance sport
- rather there are multiple priorities health focused programming, leadership, inclusive sport and games
Criticisms of special Olympics
- programming mostly designed and delivered by able bodied individuals
- participants are usually seen not as athletes but are valued for characteristics like sportsmanship
Special Olympics response to criticism
- codesign of programming “nothing about us without us”
- encourage broader society to integrate people with intellectual disabilities so the may live more independently
Inspirational porn
• Presents disabled people as “heroic” for ordinary achievements.
• Frames disability as a tragedy to overcome.
• Serves the purpose of making non-disabled people feel:
• Inspired (“heart-warming”).
• Ashamed (“If they can do it, why can’t I?”).
Inspirational porn critiques
• Still portrays disabled people as fundamentally different.
• Can be more positive than pity but reinforces stereotypes.
Inspirational porn Mixed Reactions:
• Some in the disability community find empowerment in certain contexts.
• Positive resonance depends on framing and circumstances.
In 2012 Paralympics presented these athletes as
Superhuman
