week 8 Flashcards
what is early motor development
- understanding link between motor development, cognitive and perceptual development
describe what spontaneous movements mean ( x2)
- earliest motor behaviours with spontaneous movement, reflexes and later voluntary movement
- spontaneous movements= infant moves with no apparent stimulation
describe supine kicking and walking of a child ( x3)
- child is placed on their back while spontaneously thrusting their legs
- rhythmic and coordinated
- similarities of adult walking
describe spontaneous arm movements in a child ( x3)
- not as rhythmic as kicking
- linked to adult reaching and grasping
- timing of hand opening improves
infantile relfexes- primitive = describe ( x3)
- observable from birth strong early, weaken with age
- mediated to lower brain stress
- generally disappear around 4 months as an infant
infantile reflexes- postural reflexes= describes ( x4)
- called gravity reflexes
- help maintain posture in changing environments
- do not disappear completely
- can lie dormant in adults
what is locomotor reflexes ( x2)
- get their name form similarly to voluntary movement
- appear much earlier
what is locomotion
the act of moving from one place to another.
- common sequence of development
- involves many interacting systems
what is creeping and crawling ( locomotion development)
crawling- with the chest and stomach on the floor
creeping - with arms and legs working alternatively
what is developing of walking
- 50% phasing of legs, a period of double support followed by a period of single support.
what is proficient walking ( x5)
- tracing stability for mobility
- stride length increases
- base of support is reduced
- pelvis is rotated
- opposition ( arms to leg) occurs
what is late walking ( x6)
- maximise stability and balance
- out toeing increases
- stride length increases
- pelvic rotation increases
- speed decreases
- objects are used as balance aids
what is developing running. ( x3)
- in early running= stability over mobility
- arms in high guard, limited range of motion, short stride length , little rotation
- freezing degrees of freedom
what is proficient running? ( x3)
- trading stability for mobility
- increase in stride length
- narrow base of support
what is the definition of jumping?
individual propels self off the ground with one or two feet and lands on two feet
what is the definition of a hop
an individual propels self off the ground with one foot and lands on the same foot
define what a leap is
individual propels self off ground with one foot, extends flight period and lands on opposite foot.
describe early jumping (x3)
- children start jumping at the age of 2
-only jumping vertically - one foot take off or landing
describe proficient jumping (x3)
- preparatory crouch maximises take off
- both feet leave ground at same time
- utilise sequential sequence
describe early hopping (x4)
- hopping starts later than jumping
- support leg is lifted rather than used to project body
- arms are inactive
- swing leg is held rigidly in from of body
describe proficient hopping ( x4)
- swing legs leads hip and moves through full range of motion
- support leg fully extends at hip
- oppositional arm movement
- support leg is flexed on landing
