week 8

Question 1

what is early motor development

Answer 1

• understanding link between motor development, cognitive and perceptual development

Question 2

describe what spontaneous movements mean ( x2)

Answer 2

• earliest motor behaviours with spontaneous movement, reflexes and later voluntary movement
• spontaneous movements= infant moves with no apparent stimulation

Question 3

describe supine kicking and walking of a child ( x3)

Answer 3

• child is placed on their back while spontaneously thrusting their legs
• rhythmic and coordinated
• similarities of adult walking

Question 4

describe spontaneous arm movements in a child ( x3)

Answer 4

• not as rhythmic as kicking
• linked to adult reaching and grasping
• timing of hand opening improves

Question 5

infantile relfexes- primitive = describe ( x3)

Answer 5

• observable from birth strong early, weaken with age
• mediated to lower brain stress
• generally disappear around 4 months as an infant

Question 6

infantile reflexes- postural reflexes= describes ( x4)

Answer 6

• called gravity reflexes
• help maintain posture in changing environments
• do not disappear completely
• can lie dormant in adults

Question 7

what is locomotor reflexes ( x2)

Answer 7

• get their name form similarly to voluntary movement
• appear much earlier

Question 8

what is locomotion

Answer 8

the act of moving from one place to another.

• common sequence of development
• involves many interacting systems

Question 9

what is creeping and crawling ( locomotion development)

Answer 9

crawling- with the chest and stomach on the floor

creeping - with arms and legs working alternatively

Question 10

what is developing of walking

Answer 10

• 50% phasing of legs, a period of double support followed by a period of single support.

Question 11

what is proficient walking ( x5)

Answer 11

• tracing stability for mobility
• stride length increases
• base of support is reduced
• pelvis is rotated
• opposition ( arms to leg) occurs

Question 12

what is late walking ( x6)

Answer 12

• maximise stability and balance
• out toeing increases
• stride length increases
• pelvic rotation increases
• speed decreases
• objects are used as balance aids

Question 13

what is developing running. ( x3)

Answer 13

• in early running= stability over mobility
• arms in high guard, limited range of motion, short stride length , little rotation
• freezing degrees of freedom

Question 14

what is proficient running? ( x3)

Answer 14

• trading stability for mobility
• increase in stride length
• narrow base of support

Question 15

what is the definition of jumping?

Answer 15

individual propels self off the ground with one or two feet and lands on two feet

Question 16

what is the definition of a hop

Answer 16

an individual propels self off the ground with one foot and lands on the same foot

Question 17

define what a leap is

Answer 17

individual propels self off ground with one foot, extends flight period and lands on opposite foot.

Question 18

describe early jumping (x3)

Answer 18

• children start jumping at the age of 2
  -only jumping vertically
• one foot take off or landing

Question 19

describe proficient jumping (x3)

Answer 19

• preparatory crouch maximises take off
• both feet leave ground at same time
• utilise sequential sequence

Question 20

describe early hopping (x4)

Answer 20

• hopping starts later than jumping
• support leg is lifted rather than used to project body
• arms are inactive
• swing leg is held rigidly in from of body

Question 21

describe proficient hopping ( x4)

Answer 21

• swing legs leads hip and moves through full range of motion
• support leg fully extends at hip
• oppositional arm movement
• support leg is flexed on landing