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GROWTH AND DEV > week 11 > Flashcards

week 11 Flashcards

1
Q

what is sensation

A
  • neural activity triggered by a stimulus that activates a sensory receptor and result in sensory nerve impulses travelling the sensory nerve pathways to the brain
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2
Q

what is perception

A

multistage process that takes place in the brain and includes selecting, processing, organising and integrating info received from the senses

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3
Q

describe visual acuity ( x4)

A
  • 1 month age ( 5% of adult) 20:400
  • newborn can distinguish facial features at around 60cm
  • 5 years at age 20:30
  • 10 years of age
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4
Q

what are the warning signs in children that they are experiencing difficulty seeing

A
  • squinting
  • lack of coordination
  • under/ over reading
  • unusual head movements
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5
Q

depth perception : what is retinal disparity

A

the slight difference between in the two images due to the angle from which an eye views an object

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6
Q

depth perception: what does motion parallax/ optic flow mean

A
  • the overlapping of distant objects as the individual moves in space
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7
Q

depth perception: what is physical equality

A

comparison of the size of the projection of objects on the retina with known information about their size

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8
Q

what is whole or part perception

A
  • the ability to recognise the whole from multiple parts
  • children under 9 only see the part as a whole
  • infants are sensitive to shape and size of an object
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9
Q

describe face perception x3

A
  • 4 days old look at mother more than strange females
  • evidence of habituation
  • same brain area may degrade later in life due to ageing or trauma
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10
Q

describe kinaesthetic development( x5)

A
  • often referred to as body sense
  • relative position of body parts to eachother
  • position of body in space
  • bodys movements
  • the nature of objects that the body comes in contact with
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11
Q

what are the 3 main kinaesthetic receptors and where are they located

A

1- proprioreceptors= muscles, muscle tendons, junction, joint capsules and ligaments

2- somatosensors= under the skin

3- vestibular apparatus= inner ear

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12
Q

kinaesthetic receptor: muscle spindles- where are they located

A

muscles

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13
Q

kinaesthetic receptors: Golgi tendon organs- where are they located

A

muscle tendon junctions

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14
Q

kinaesthetic receptors: joint receptors- where are they located

A
  • joint capsule and ligaments
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15
Q

kinaesthetic receptors: vestibular semicircular canals- where are they located

A
  • inner ear
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16
Q

kinaesthetic receptors: cutaneous receptors- where are they located

A
  • skin and underlying tissue
17
Q

what is tactile localisation

A
  • the ability to determine the exact spot on the body that has been touched without using sight
18
Q

vestibular apparatus: what is body awareness

A
  • perception of the body through the integration of proprioception information
19
Q

vestibular apparatus: what is laterality

A

awareness that the body has two distinct sides

20
Q

where does auditory sensation come from

A
  • outer ear
  • middle ear
  • cochlea of inner ear
21
Q

describe auditory perception x3

A
  • location of sound
  • can tell difference between similar sounds made
  • use to understand patterns
22
Q

describe perception of location

A
  • for non straight on sounds= greater time to reach one ear than the other
  • minimum angle between sounds= 12 degrees to 19 degrees are infants, 1 degrees to 2 degrees = adults
23
Q

what are the three patterns of auditory perceptions

A
  • time
  • intensity
  • frequency
24
Q

what does figure and ground mean for auditory perception

A

figure= the auditory signal of interest
ground= all other auditory information surrounding the sound of interest

25
Q

describe special temporal perception

A
  • sos
  • dots, dashes and spaces
  • time between long and short sounds
26
Q

why is movement and exercise important x3

A
  • increases metabolic substances in the brain
  • important for learning and memory
  • increased perceptual development
27
Q

what is action scaling

A
  • affordances in the envrionment are perceived relative to our action abilities
  • determines the relationship between the object of different properties eg size, temp
28
Q

what is postural control and balance

A
  • employs several different systems,s eg visual, auditory and kinaesthetic
29
Q

what are the two different balance situations

A

static balance= while stationary
dynamic balance= while in motion

30
Q

what are the changes in balance across a lifespan

A
  • balance improves from ages 3- 19
  • less reliant on visual info
  • adult postural responses emerge from 10-17 years old
  • older adults sway more and are less stable

GROWTH AND DEV (7 decks)

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