week 11 Flashcards
what is sensation
- neural activity triggered by a stimulus that activates a sensory receptor and result in sensory nerve impulses travelling the sensory nerve pathways to the brain
what is perception
multistage process that takes place in the brain and includes selecting, processing, organising and integrating info received from the senses
describe visual acuity ( x4)
- 1 month age ( 5% of adult) 20:400
- newborn can distinguish facial features at around 60cm
- 5 years at age 20:30
- 10 years of age
what are the warning signs in children that they are experiencing difficulty seeing
- squinting
- lack of coordination
- under/ over reading
- unusual head movements
depth perception : what is retinal disparity
the slight difference between in the two images due to the angle from which an eye views an object
depth perception: what does motion parallax/ optic flow mean
- the overlapping of distant objects as the individual moves in space
depth perception: what is physical equality
comparison of the size of the projection of objects on the retina with known information about their size
what is whole or part perception
- the ability to recognise the whole from multiple parts
- children under 9 only see the part as a whole
- infants are sensitive to shape and size of an object
describe face perception x3
- 4 days old look at mother more than strange females
- evidence of habituation
- same brain area may degrade later in life due to ageing or trauma
describe kinaesthetic development( x5)
- often referred to as body sense
- relative position of body parts to eachother
- position of body in space
- bodys movements
- the nature of objects that the body comes in contact with
what are the 3 main kinaesthetic receptors and where are they located
1- proprioreceptors= muscles, muscle tendons, junction, joint capsules and ligaments
2- somatosensors= under the skin
3- vestibular apparatus= inner ear
kinaesthetic receptor: muscle spindles- where are they located
muscles
kinaesthetic receptors: Golgi tendon organs- where are they located
muscle tendon junctions
kinaesthetic receptors: joint receptors- where are they located
- joint capsule and ligaments
kinaesthetic receptors: vestibular semicircular canals- where are they located
- inner ear
kinaesthetic receptors: cutaneous receptors- where are they located
- skin and underlying tissue
what is tactile localisation
- the ability to determine the exact spot on the body that has been touched without using sight
vestibular apparatus: what is body awareness
- perception of the body through the integration of proprioception information
vestibular apparatus: what is laterality
awareness that the body has two distinct sides
where does auditory sensation come from
- outer ear
- middle ear
- cochlea of inner ear
describe auditory perception x3
- location of sound
- can tell difference between similar sounds made
- use to understand patterns
describe perception of location
- for non straight on sounds= greater time to reach one ear than the other
- minimum angle between sounds= 12 degrees to 19 degrees are infants, 1 degrees to 2 degrees = adults
what are the three patterns of auditory perceptions
- time
- intensity
- frequency
what does figure and ground mean for auditory perception
figure= the auditory signal of interest
ground= all other auditory information surrounding the sound of interest
