WEEK 7 Flashcards
(17 cards)
what is development?
a continuous process of change in functional capacity
what is motor development?
the development of motor abilities
- contrinous age related process of change in movements
what is the definition of motor learning vs motor control
motor learning= relatively permanent gains In motor skill, associated with practice
motor control= study of the neural, physical and behavioural aspects of movement.
what does assessing change- longitudinal mean (x4 )
- takes place over years or decades
- track a single group or population
- takes a long time to get reuslts
- see how groups have developed over a long period of time
what does assessing change- cross sectional mean ( x2)
- individual groups assessed at different stages of development
- infers change over time
what is the theoretical perspective ( x2)
- more development theories have emerged from other disciplines such as psych and bio
- past theories= shape current theoretical theories
what is the maturational perspective ( 1930s- 1950s) ( x5)
- development change is the result of maturation
- genetics and inheritance are primary drivers
- environment has little effect
- orderly sequence
- rate of change may differ between individuals
what is the normative descriptive theory ( x3)
- focus on normative performance
- jump and throw distance
- focus on product not process
what is the biomechanical descriptive theory 1950s ( x2)
- sequential changes in motor development
- age related changes
what is the information processing perspective ( 1960s-1980s) ( x4)
- computation approach= input, processing output
- still a viable approach
- many scientific fields still rely on this theory
- insight into many facets of performance- attention, memory and effects of having feedback
what is the ecological perspective ( 1980s) ( x3)
- dried by development in multiple systems
- systems are capable of self organisation
- two branches= dynamic systems ( motor control and coordination) and perception action ( environment)
what is the dynamic systems approach 1980s ( x4)
- organisation of physical and chemical systems
- coordinated movement occurs naturally
- variability is natural and significant
- helps explain ageing
what is the perception action approach 1970s ( x5)
- close relationship between perceptual and motor systems
- relationship between the individual and the environment
- affordances change as individuals change
- body scaling is a control factor
- perception is constantly changing
what is the definition of a constraint
a characteristic of the individual, environment or task that encourages some movements, yet discourages others
what are task constraints and give an example
the goals and rule structure of a particular movement
- eg if walking and starts to rain the task constraint changes and need to run to get out of rain
what are environmental constraints? and give physical and sociocultural examples
related to the world around us
physical= light, temperature
sociocultural= race, gender, religion
what is an individual constraint
give na example on functional and structural constraints
a person unique physical or mental characteristics
- structural constraints= related to body structure eg weight, height
- functional constraints= behaviour function eg motivation, fear
