WEEK 7 Flashcards
what is development?
a continuous process of change in functional capacity
what is motor development?
the development of motor abilities
- contrinous age related process of change in movements
what is the definition of motor learning vs motor control
motor learning= relatively permanent gains In motor skill, associated with practice
motor control= study of the neural, physical and behavioural aspects of movement.
what does assessing change- longitudinal mean (x4 )
- takes place over years or decades
- track a single group or population
- takes a long time to get reuslts
- see how groups have developed over a long period of time
what does assessing change- cross sectional mean ( x2)
- individual groups assessed at different stages of development
- infers change over time
what is the theoretical perspective ( x2)
- more development theories have emerged from other disciplines such as psych and bio
- past theories= shape current theoretical theories
what is the maturational perspective ( 1930s- 1950s) ( x5)
- development change is the result of maturation
- genetics and inheritance are primary drivers
- environment has little effect
- orderly sequence
- rate of change may differ between individuals
what is the normative descriptive theory ( x3)
- focus on normative performance
- jump and throw distance
- focus on product not process
what is the biomechanical descriptive theory 1950s ( x2)
- sequential changes in motor development
- age related changes
what is the information processing perspective ( 1960s-1980s) ( x4)
- computation approach= input, processing output
- still a viable approach
- many scientific fields still rely on this theory
- insight into many facets of performance- attention, memory and effects of having feedback
what is the ecological perspective ( 1980s) ( x3)
- dried by development in multiple systems
- systems are capable of self organisation
- two branches= dynamic systems ( motor control and coordination) and perception action ( environment)
what is the dynamic systems approach 1980s ( x4)
- organisation of physical and chemical systems
- coordinated movement occurs naturally
- variability is natural and significant
- helps explain ageing
what is the perception action approach 1970s ( x5)
- close relationship between perceptual and motor systems
- relationship between the individual and the environment
- affordances change as individuals change
- body scaling is a control factor
- perception is constantly changing
what is the definition of a constraint
a characteristic of the individual, environment or task that encourages some movements, yet discourages others
what are task constraints and give an example
the goals and rule structure of a particular movement
- eg if walking and starts to rain the task constraint changes and need to run to get out of rain
