week 10 Flashcards
social and cultural environmental constraints ( gender stereotyping) describe and given an eg
- physiological and biological characteristics at birth determines sex.
eg gender stereotyping is a commonly occurring process that can “steer” individuals towards certain activities that may be gender appropriate
social and cultural environmental constraints- (socialisation process)provide a definition and give the main elements to it
def= the process of learning a social role in groups eg rules, morals and certain values
1) socialising agents= family, peers, coaches and teachers
2) social stiuations= games, play environment, toys
3) personal attributes= strength, skill, motivation, perceived ability
describe how parents have an affect on athletes ( x3)
- can encourage their active or sedentary behaviour
- encourage specific types of activity based on gender
- same gender may have a strong influence
describe how siblings can affect athletes ( x2)
- form an infants play group
- brothers and sisters may shape participation in sport
describe how peers influence athletes? (x2)
- the only socialising agent that influences sport participation throughout all stages of lifespan
- particularly strong for participation in team sports
how to coaches and teachers affect athletes ( x2)
- influence particularly strong on males
- perhaps have stronger ability to negatively influence sport participation
describe toys as influences on sport ( x3)
- frisbee= active play
- doll= passive play
- toys often strong gender typing agent
define self esteem
an individuals judgement of their own capability, signficance, success and worthiness
what can low self esteem lead to in children ( x3)
- unwillingness to try new or challenging tasks
- a lack of effort
- avoidance of participation
what are the two self esteem elements and give an example of each.
- social interactions= parental appraisal, teacher feedback
- emotions= enjoyment, pride
what is motivation
- persistence from a desire to do the following: have fun, increase fitness
what are three elements involved in motivation
1- personal incentives
2- sense of self
3- perceived options
what are knowledge bases and what are the three types of knowledge
the amount of knowledge a person has on a specific topic
- declarative= factual information
- procedural= how to do something eg drive in a car
- strategic= general rules or strategies that applies to different scenarios
define memory
knowledge structures resulting from our efforts to understand and learn
what are the speed of cognitive functions of children and middle and older adults
children= take longer to process cognitive information than adults
middle and older adults= changes are related to central processes, older adults learn slower than younger adults do
