Week 7 - work motivation

Question 1

what are the need theories theorists

Answer 1

Maslow
McLelland
Herzberg

Question 2

who did cognitive theories of work motivation

Answer 2

Vroom
Adams
Porter & Lawler

Question 3

what did cognitive theories of work motivation

Answer 3

Thorndike

Skinner

Question 4

describe maslows needs hierarchy

Answer 4

Five Needs:

• Physiological
• Safety
• Love
• Esteem
• Self-Actualization
• Once a need is met it is no longer a motivator
• Basic needs are essentially truisms.

Question 5

what is McClellands needs theory

Answer 5

- Used the Thematic Apperception Test to measure needs.
Three work-related needs:
- Need for Achievement
- Need for Affiliation
- Need for Power

Question 6

define need for achievement

Answer 6

work motivation varies according to the strength of this need. Studies have shown positive correlations between work performance and need for achievement.

Question 7

define need for affiliation

Answer 7

refers to the strength of people’s need to form positive interpersonal relationships. People high in this need aren’t good managers as they are concerned about making decisions that would make them unpopular.

Question 8

define need for power

Answer 8

refers to the desire to have influence over others.

Question 9

what is Herzbergs motivator - hygiene theory

Answer 9

what are the motivating factors:
- achievements
- recognition
- stimulating work 
Leads to satisfacton vs no satisfaction
Hygiene factors:
- salary 
- conditions
- relationships with others
Lead to dissatisfaction vs no dissatisfaction

Question 10

what is thorndikes law of effect

Answer 10

“A behaviour with favorable consequences tends to be repeated while a behaviour with negative consequences tend to disappear”

Question 11

what is equity theory

Answer 11

J. Stacey Adams

• People compare their ratio of inputs to outcomes to a similar other.
• Inputs = experience, skills, effort, education, etc.
• Outcomes = pay, promotion, etc.
• People are motivated to correct inequity.

Question 12

What is expectancy theory

Answer 12

The theory that your expectations (perceived probabilities) effect your motivation
motivation = effort + performance + outcome + valence

Question 13

define goal setting

Answer 13

Goals – what the individual is trying to accomplish

Question 14

what are the benefits of goals

Answer 14

1- Goals direct attention
2- Goals regulate effort
3- Goals increase persistence
4- Goals foster strategies and action plans

Question 15

What are SMART goals

Answer 15

Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Relevant
Time-bound

Question 16

what are three job design approaches to improve motivation

Answer 16

• Job Enlargement – putting more variety in the job.
• Job Rotation – moving employees from one specialized job to another.
• Job Enrichment – incorporation Herzberg’s theory. Specifically, building in achievement, recognition, a stimulating environment etc. into the job

Question 17

what is SDT

Answer 17

People are inherently (intrinsically) motivated by things that satisfy their basic psychological needs for relatedness, competence, and autonomy.

Question 18

how does motivation occur

Answer 18

1- autonomy
2- mastery
3- purpose
= motivation