Week 7- The Italian campaign

Question 1

How was the war going between 1794-95?

Answer 1

The Italian Campaign was not going well

The French troops had not been winning any battles.

Question 2

Why were French troops not winning any battles?

Answer 2

The Army of Italy was poorly equipped (wrong uniform and weapons)
Soldiers were malnourished
The soldiers were not being payed
From 1792, they were confined to the mountains and coastline, with little opportunity for glory.

Question 3

What role did Napoleon initially play in the Italian campaign?

Answer 3

He was not expected to take on the main thrust of the campaign against Austria in the Spring of 1796.
This responsibility was given to Hoche
Napoleon had the task of holding back the Austrians in Italy as a diversion for Hoche.

Question 4

How did Napoleon improve his army?

Answer 4

Made decisions without consulting government.
He allowed his troops to plunder their defeated areas.
He made speeches to his troops to inspire them.
He equipped them with the required resources.
He trained his soldiers properly, unlike previous generals.
He took on new military tactics

Question 5

What was the effect of plundering the defeated areas?

Answer 5

Motivated the soldiers to win as they were finally getting paid.
Provided them with weapons and equipment.

Question 6

What did Napoleon do with the defeated areas?

Answer 6

Set up an administration and left some soldiers behind.
He captured enemy soldiers and offered them the opportunity to join his troops.
This offer was usually accepted as he treated his soldiers well.

Question 7

When did the Italian campaign against Austria begin?

Answer 7

March 1796

Question 8

When was the battle of Montenotte?

Answer 8

12th April 1796

Question 9

What was achieved at the Battle of Montenotte?

Answer 9

Napoleon succeeded in dividing the Piedmontese army from the Austrian allies.

Question 10

When was The Armistice of Cherasco?

Answer 10

April 1796

Question 11

What was achieved with The Armistice of Cherasco?

Answer 11

Piedmontese withdrew from the war of the first coalition.
Gave Savon, Nice and other territories to France and provided them with supplies, munitions and free passage for French troops.

Question 12

When was the battle of Lodi?

Answer 12

10th May 1796

Question 13

What was the effect of winning the battle of Lodi?

Answer 13

Occupied the ancient Duchy of Milan.

Question 14

What did Napoleon do with his captured areas?

Answer 14

December 1796- He established the Cispadane Republic and the Transpadane Republic.

Question 15

When did Napoleon win the Battle of Rivoli?

Answer 15

14th–15th January 1797

Question 16

What was the significance of the Battle of Rivoli?

Answer 16

Napoleon won victory over Mantua and started occupying Venice.

Question 17

What changes did Napoleon make to the Cispadane Republic and the Transpadane Republic?

Answer 17

June 1797- He created the Cisalpine Republic and the Ligurian Republic.
He began to advance further towards Austria which worried the Austrian commander-in-chief Archduke Charles.

Question 18

When and what was The Treaty of Leoben?

Answer 18

17th April 1797

It negotiated peace terms with Archduke Charles.

Question 19

When was The Treaty of Campo Formio?

Answer 19

17th October 1797

Question 20

What did the Treaty of Campo Formio agree?

Answer 20

Recognition of French control over the Austrian-Netherlands.
Austrian acceptance of the Cisalpine and Ligurian Republics.
Recognition of the French Rhine frontier.
French possession of several islands.

Question 21

What was the significance of the Treaty of Campo Formio?

Answer 21

Ended the War of the First Coalition, leaving only Britain at war with France.
Marked a resounding success for Napoleon.
It only marked a small break in the conflict, between October 1797 and March 1799.