Week 18- Taxation and the central economy Flashcards

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1
Q

What issues of taxations did Napoleon inherit?

A

Any improvements in tax collection were offset by the cost of maintaining the army and the Empire.
There were issues with the collection of taxes, with collectors often taking some of what they collected.

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2
Q

What was the structure of banking before Napoleon?

A

There was no central bank

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3
Q

What was the impact of there being no central bank?

A

A bank would provide uniform administration of tax distribution and reduce the need for high-interest loans.

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4
Q

What system of trade did Napoleon inherit?

A

Trade was very complex due to the different taxes on trade throughout France and the inflation of paper money.

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5
Q

What was the agricultural system of France by 1800?

A

Agricultural techniques were much less advanced than Britain who were already undergoing industrialisation.

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6
Q

Which tax, inherited from the Directory did Napoleon keep?

A

Contribution foncière, a land tax that provided the bulk of government revenue.

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7
Q

Which tax did Napoleon keep from the Consulate?

A

The contribution personelle mobilière, a tax on personal property in urban areas.

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8
Q

How effective was the contribution personelle mobilière?

A

Only brought in a small amount of revenue and was sometimes costly.

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9
Q

When did Napoleon’s officials begin drawing up a new land register?

A

1807

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10
Q

What was the role of the land register?

A

Measured the value of land to calculate the land tax which was the most effective source of revenue.
Made the collection of land tax fairer.

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11
Q

How effective was the land register?

A

Took longer than expected, only a fifth of the country had been assessed by 1815.

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12
Q

What was an octroi?

A

In September 1803, towns and cities could levy an octroi on consumer goods entering their administration.

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13
Q

What was the impact of an octroi?

A

Allowed Napoleon to directly help local towns and cities to develop, rather than just Paris.

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14
Q

How was tax collection assessed?

A

Tax collectors and inspectors were appointed for each département.
Their tax receipts were subject to the inspection of the central government.

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15
Q

How was accounting of state revenue and expenditure administered?

A

The Cour des Comptes was created in September 1807.

Handled state finances and kept accounts of income and authorised the release of money.

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16
Q

What was the impact of the Cour des Comptes?

A

Allowed a gathering of statistics and data from different départements.
Gave a better understanding of France’s economy to introduce more effective reforms.

17
Q

When did Napoleon establish the Bank of France?

A

January 1800

18
Q

What was the role of the Bank of France?

A

Provided credit both for the government and entrepreneurs.
Produced and controlled a national currency of gold and silver coins.
Controlled sale of government bonds so that Napoleon could guarantee loan repayments.

19
Q

How did the influence of the Bank of France spread across France?

A

From 1808, sub-branches of the Bank were set up in towns where trade was growing.
Created a sense of structure and allowed more control.

20
Q

How did Napoleon tackle the issue of inflation?

A

He declared metal coinage the only legal tender.

These coins would hold value ensuring long-term security.

21
Q

When did Jean-Antoine Chaptal become Minister of the Interior?

A

1802

22
Q

What changes did Chaptal enforce?

A

Establishment of a Bureau of statistics, Establishment of Chambers of Commerce, Establishment of Chambres Consultatives de Arts et Manufactures

23
Q

What was the Bureau of Statistics?

A

Gather data from the départements on population, agriculture, commerce and industry.

24
Q

What was the impact of Chaptal’s reforms?

A

Encouraged products of the French industry which helped towards industrialisation.
Increased mechanisation of mass-production of consumer goods.
The wool industry increased its yield by 400% in 1812.

25
Q

Where and when were Chambers of Commerce and Chambres Consultatives de Arts et Manufactures established?

A

Commerce- 23 of the largest cities in 1802.

De Arts et Manufactures- 150 of the smaller urban areas in 1803.

26
Q

How did Napoleon encourage the trade of luxury goods?

A

Napoleon promised peaceful relations to those countries that supplied France with goods at lower prices.

27
Q

What was the impact of buying goods from foreign manufacturers at a low price?

A

Impacted French producers who could not compete with these foreign manufacturers.
Depreciated the market in other countries as they were not getting as much money for their goods.
Benefited French consumers who had a disposable income and could get goods at a lower price.

28
Q

What were ‘replacement crops’?

A

The government encouraged the growth of ‘replacement crops’ to avoid dependence on colonial production.

29
Q

What was the impact of ‘replacement crops’?

A

January 1813- Sugar import was prohibited to stimulate the French sugar industry.
The targets of production were not met.