Week 7 references

Question 1

Controls on erosion and form

Answer 1

Sugden and Joh 1976

Question 2

Small landform types

Answer 2

Benn and Evans 1998

Question 3

P-forms originally thought to be due to abrasion of plastically deforming ice

Answer 3

Dahl 1965

Question 4

P-forms are similar to water eroded scour marks

Answer 4

Shaw 1988

Question 5

P-forms have striae on their face so must be glacial

Answer 5

Goldthwaite 1979

Question 6

P-forms; striae created after formation and their tortuous appearance suggests its not ice

Answer 6

Shaw 1988

Question 7

P-forms observed with debris rich basal ice in situ

Answer 7

Boulton 1974

Question 8

P-forms observed with ice turning corners

Answer 8

Rea and Whlley 1994

Question 9

P-forms and fluvial features represent alternating erosion forms

Answer 9

Boulton 1974

Question 10

Roche moutons tend to form under thin ice with fluctuating Pw

Answer 10

Sudden et al 1992

Question 11

Bedrock structure is important in the formation of roche moutonnees

Answer 11

Sugden et al 1992

Roberts et al 2005

Lane et al 2014

Question 12

Nye channels can be used to reconstruct subglacial meltwater drainage and equipotential contours

Answer 12

Booth and hallet 1993

Question 13

Tunnel valleys formed by steady state meltwater drainage over deformable bed towards end of glacial stage

Answer 13

Shoemaker 1986

Question 14

Tunnel valleys formed as time-transgressive formation close to ice margin

Answer 14

Kristensen et al 2008

Question 15

Later meltwater channels can be used to reconstruct marginal recession and ice sheet elevation

Answer 15

Greenwood et al 2007

Question 16

Largest pro-glacial channels from by jokulhlaups e.g. channeled scablands in Washington State, USA

Answer 16

Baker and Bunker 1985

Question 17

Streamlined hard beds

Answer 17

Eyles et al 2012/2015

Krabbendam et al 2016

Question 18

Quarrying and abrasion in rock basins and over deepening and enhanced by meltwater pressure variations

Answer 18

Hooke 1991

Kor et al 1991

Question 19

In troughs and fjords positive feedback is linked to topographic steering and erosion proportional to ice discharge

Answer 19

Jamieson et al 2008

Kessler et al 2008

Question 20

Cirques = flat-floored/overdeepened basin connected to steep back wall by concave slope

Answer 20

Benn and Evans 1998

Question 21

Types of cirques

Answer 21

Benn and Evans 1998

Question 22

Cirques develop from more than one episode of occupancy

Answer 22

Evans and Cox 1995

Question 23

Density/orientation/altitude of cirques can be used as palaeoclimate indicators

Answer 23

Evans 1977

Question 24

Jakoshavn Isbrae forms landscape of areal scour and selective linear erosion

Answer 24

Sugden 1974

Question 25

Recent studies of the various scales of landforms at Jakobshavn Isbrae to reconstruct ice sheet and ice stream evolution

Answer 25

Roberts et al 2005, 2010