Week 7 - Pain

Question 1

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.

Answer 1

Pain

Question 2

Receptors responsible for temperature regulation (located in the skin, some in CNS - hypothalamus and spinal cord)?

Answer 2

Thermoreceptors

Question 3

Receptors that monitor distortion of the cell membrane such as stretching or bending?

Answer 3

Mechanoreceptors

Question 4

3 subtypes of mechanoreceptors:

Answer 4

1. tactile receptors → touch, pressure, vibration (under skin)
2. baroreceptors → pressure in blood vessels and viscera
3. proprioceptors → position of skeletal muscles and joints

Question 5

Monitor changes in the concentration of chemicals?

Answer 5

Chemoreceptors
(flavours on tongue, things put on skin)

Question 6

Receptors that can detect potential or actual tissue damage?

Answer 6

Nociceptors
(thermal, mechanical, polymodal)
Found in skin, bones, skeletal muscles, less common in visceral tissues and organs
Free nerve ending)

Question 7

Pain’ is a conscious experience, nociception is not. True/False

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Why we need pain:

Answer 8

Avoiding tissue damage (e.g. do not touch something hot, adjusting posture)

Know when we need to rest (e.g. a leg hurt when tissues needs to heal, telling you to rest)

Question 9

We can have nociception but not pain and pain without nociception…a few examples:

Answer 9

Thoughts, beliefs, places (…) can trigger pain without necessary having the physical stimulus present.

Also spinal cord can learn to generate unnecessary warning signals (e.g. phantom limb pain)

Question 10

Neural networks that work together → specific output =

Answer 10

neurosignature = neurotag
(for pain producing: perception and behavioural response)

Question 11

DIMs and SIMs

Answer 11

Neurotags:
Danger in me (sitting too long causes you discomfort)
Safety in me (walking down the beach makes you feel better)

Question 12

touch, pressure, vibration (under skin)

Answer 12

tactile receptors

Question 13

pressure in blood vessels and viscera

Answer 13

baroreceptors

Question 14

position of skeletal muscles and joints

Answer 14

proprioceptors

Question 15

Pacinian corpuscles are ________ that respond to _________ and ____________.

Question 37Answer

a.
tactile receptors; deep pressure; vibration

b.
baroreceptors; deep pressure; vibration

c.
proprioceptors; touch; vibration

d.
tactile receptors; touch; vibration

Answer 15

a.
tactile receptors; deep pressure; vibration

Question 16

Meissner’s corpuscles

Answer 16

touch, pressure, vibration

Question 16

Ruffini corpuscles

Answer 16

deep pressure, vibration

Question 16

Markel’s cells

Answer 16

touch, pressure

Question 17

How does pain work? Nociceptors signal → signal interpretation → predication based on current information - Information already stored in memory
- Signal is sent up spinal cord to brain -Do I need protection?Yes=pain