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Developmental Psychology 2 > Week 7: Neurodevelopmental Disorders > Flashcards

Week 7: Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a neurodevelopmental disorder?

A

These are disorders that become apparent in early childhood development and affect all major developmental systems

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2
Q

What are the causes of these disorders?

A

Genetics
Drug/Alcohol use during pregnancy
Severe deprivation
Congenital injury (such as premature birth)

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3
Q

What IQ scores indicates the presence of a learning disability?

A

Mild: 50-70
Moderate: 35-49
Severe: 20-34
Profound: <20

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4
Q

What are the demographics of autism?

A

1% of the population

More common in males

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of autism?

A

poor social skills, repetitive behaviour and restricted interests

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6
Q

What is PDD?

A

A high functioning variant of autism

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7
Q

How does IQ vary with autism?

A

Autism itself has a low IQ, asbergers a little higher, PDD higher than that

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8
Q

What causes Tuberous Sclerosis Complex?

A

A mutation of the TSC1 (chromosome 9) or the TSC2 gene (chromosome 16)

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9
Q

How common is Tuberous Sclerosis Complex?

A

1 in every 6,000-11,400 births

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10
Q

How does IQ vary with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex?

A

Slightly lower but still a regular distribution

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11
Q

What is one type of disorder in which IQ is not normally distributed?

A

Neurofibromatosis1

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12
Q

How are the different aspects of cognition affected by Neurofibromatosis1?

A

Verbal comprehension is preserved but non verbal, working memory and processing speed were lower

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13
Q

What is cognitive control?

A

A person’s capacity to choose what they pay attention to and what they ignore

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14
Q

What causes fragile X syndrome?

A

Mutation of FMR1 gene in chromosome X (CGG expansion)

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15
Q

How common is fragile X syndrome?

A

1 in every 4,000-6,000 births

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of fragile X syndrome?

A

Results in moderate to severe intellectual disability and characteristics of autism including averted gaze and repetitive behaviours

17
Q

What percentage of people with fragile X syndrome meet the criteria for ADHD?

A

54-74%

18
Q

How common is Prader-Willi Syndrome?

A

1 in every 10,000-15,000 births

19
Q

What are the characteristics of Prader-Willi Syndrome?

A

Hyperphagia, temper outbursts, repetitive behaviour and deficits in inhibition

20
Q

What causes Prader-Willi Syndrome?

A

Issues with chromasome 15

Either a deletion, UPD (might get both from 1 parent) or an imprinting defecit

21
Q

How does attentional focus change in Prader-Willi Syndrome?

A

They had longer reaction times on the Simon Task which shows they are less able to filter out irrelevant information

22
Q

What do longer reaction times on the Simon Task correlate with

A

repetitive questioning and adhering to routine but no other types of repetitive behaviours

23
Q

How does Williams syndrome link to social processing?

A

Strong motivation for social interaction, even talking to strangers and people that are dangerous

24
Q

How does Autism link to social processing?

A

They have a preference for non-social information over social information
They rarely look at the eyes and mouth which contain the most social information

25
Q

What is sociability?

A

This is an umbrella term that includes several aspects of social functioning including interaction, enjoyment and motivation

26
Q

How common is Angelman syndrome?

A

1 in every 10,000 to 40,000 births

27
Q

What causes Angelman syndrome?

A

Loss of genetic information on chromasome 15

28
Q

How does Angelman syndrome related to sociability?

A

They attract more adult attention than attention from other children
They can also be aggressive when not given attention

29
Q

What are the characteristics of Cornelia de Lange syndrome?

A

Intellectual disability, small stature, upper limb abnormalities, limited speech and distinctive facial features

30
Q

What is emotional regulation?

A

Automatic or intentional modification of a person’s emotional state that promotes adaptive or goal-directed output

31
Q

What are some of the problems with emotional regulation?

A

Difficulty using the correct regulation strategies
Reacting impulsively to emotional stimuli
Often interpreted as deliberate but may be due to inadequate management

Developmental Psychology 2 (9 decks)

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