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Echo Lecture > Week 7 Left Heart > Flashcards

Week 7 Left Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is M mode

A
  • 1d imaging
  • structures in the line of the cursor will be sampled
  • superior temporal resolution compared to 2D
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2
Q

What is the FPS in M mode compared to B Mode

A

M mode: > 1200 FPS
B mode: 50 FPs

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3
Q

Advantages of M mode

A
  • high temporal resolution
  • allows for precise measurements
  • High FPS
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4
Q

Disadvantages of M mode

A
  • linear measurements does not represent true volume
  • does not show true lateral distance between structures
  • cannot estimate EF%
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5
Q

What is the cursor placement for M mode imaging

A

1) Ao root, Av cusps, and LA
2) MV leaflets
3) LV at the level of the MV tips (between pap and valve)

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6
Q

M Mode NL values

A
  • Ao root: 2.0-3.7 cm
  • LA: 1.9-4.0 cm
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7
Q

What is normal MV E point separation in M mode

A

EPSS: 0.7 cm

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8
Q

What are the 4 major regions/structures of the RV

A

1) RVIT
2) RVOT
3) Apex
4) membranous septum

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9
Q

What is the NL value for RVOT proximal diameter

A

<3.3 cm

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10
Q

What is plax rv inflow view good for

A
  • assessing TV morphology
  • measuring peak TR velocity
  • assessing stenosis
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11
Q

What is plax RVOT view good for

A
  • assessing PV morphology
  • Visualing PR
  • measuring PR velocity
  • assessing stenosis
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12
Q

Normal value for RVOT distal diameter

A

<2.7

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13
Q

What is modified RV good for

A
  • Assessing TV morphology
  • Visualizing RV free wall
  • Visualizing TR
  • measuring Peak TR velocity
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14
Q

What is apical 4 chamber view good for?

A
  • assessing TV morphology
  • visualizing Lv-RV comparison
  • visualizing TR
  • Measuring peak TR velocity
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15
Q

What size should the RV be compared to the LV?

A

The RV should be 2/3 the size of the LV

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16
Q

Normal size of RA area

A

<18cm^2

17
Q

What is TAPSE

A
  • Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion
  • the annular movement of the rvs lateral annulus reflects systolic function
18
Q

Normal value for tapse

A

> 1.6

19
Q

What is the normal value for pw tdi velocity of annulus

A

< 10 cm/s

20
Q

What are technical factors affecting peak tdi velocity measurements

A

1) suboptimal image quality
2) US beam alignment (non parallel can underestimate peak velocity)
3) sample box not aligned on the annulus

21
Q

What is RV fractional area change

A
  • reflects overall RV systolic fxn
  • ## same EF% but for the RV
22
Q

Equation for RVFAC

A

(EDA-ESA)/EDA x 100

23
Q

Normal value for RVFAC

A

> 35%

24
Q

Technical factors affecting RVFAC

A

1) suboptimal image quality
2) not in a RV focused view
3) measuring at wrong time in cardiac cycle

25
Q

What view is rv wall thickness measured and what is NL value

A
  • Measured in subcostal 4 chamber
  • NL value is <5 mm
  • used for determining hypertrophy of RV

Echo Lecture (11 decks)

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