Study Guide For Final Flashcards
Equation for RVFAC
- (RVEDA - RVESA)/RVEDA x 100
Equation for cardiac output
CO = SV x HR
Equation for stroke volume
SV = LVEDV - LVESV
Equation for EF%
EF = (LVEDV - LVESV)/LVEDV X 100
NL values for LVIDd M and F
Male: 4.2-5.8, 5.9-6.3, 6.4-6.8, >6.8
Female: 3.8-5.2, 5.3-5.6, 5.7-6.1, >6.1
What are the 3 phases of Ventricular Systole
1) IVCT
2) RAPID EJECTION
3) reduced ejection
What is IVCT
- the period from the av valve closure (end diastole) until SL valve open (beginning of systole)
- volume is at its greatest
-pressure rises rapidly in preparation of SL valve opening
What is rapid ejection
- the first half of ventricular systole
- rapid ejection of blood
- ventricular pressure rises while volume rapidly decreases
What is reduced ejection
- ventricular pressure rapidly decreases
What are the 4 phases of ventricular diastole
1) IVRT
2) early rapid filling
3) diastasis
4) late filling (after P wave)
What is IVRT
- begins at SL valve closure (end systole) continues until AV valves open
- heart volume is at its smallest
- all valves are closed for a split second
Normal values for stroke volume
70-100ml/Beat
Normal values for Cardiac output
4-8L/Min
Normal values for EF% M and F
Male: 52-72, 40-51, 30-40, <30
Female: 54-74, 41-53, 30-40, <30
Septal and posterior walls thickness M and F
Male: .06-1.0, 1.1-1.3, 1.4-1.6, >1.6
Female: .6-.9, 1.0-1.2, 1.3-1.5, > 1.5
When is end diastole on ekg
End diastole is on the R wave
When is end systole on ekg
End systole is on the T wave
Normal values for tapse
> 1.6 cm/sec
Normal value for RVFAC
> 35%
Normal value for RA area
<18cm^2
Normal value for Rv lateral tdi of annulus
> 10cm/s
What is RV free wall strain
- assesses rv systolic fxn
- the change in length of the myocardial segment / the original length
What is RV free wall strain calculation and NL value
- Change in length / original length
- more than -20% is good
What are the 2 main pressures of the left heart
LVEDP: <15mmhg
Mean LAP: <10mmhg
What measurements do you take to assess diastology
- PW Doppler of MV
- PW TDI lateral and septal MV annulus
- PW Doppler RUPV
- 2D LA volume
- cw Doppler of peak TR
values for LA ESV bsa
16-34, 35-41, 42-48, >48
Normal values for septal e prime and lateral e prime
- septal e: >7cm/sec
-lateral e: >10cm/sec
What is the E/e ratio?
The peak mv E wave velocity/septal and lateral e (avg)
What E/e ratio suggest normal LAP
E/e ratio < 8
What E/e ratio suggest elevated LAP
> 14
What is the equation for RVSP
RVSP = 4(Vtr)^2 + RAP
What are the 4 values to grade tree A of diastology
1) averaged E/e ratio > 14
2) septal and lateral TDI; < 7cm/sec & <10cm/sec
3) TR velocity > 2.8 m/sec
4) LA Volume index > 34ml/m^2
What is the probability of diastolic dysfunction based off the 4 measurements in tree A
- Less than 2 = Normal DD
- 2/4 = indeterminate
- more than 2 = DD confirmed
What is DD grade if E/A is >2
- Elevated LAP
- grade 3
What is DD grade if E/A is < .8
- Normal LAP
- but grade 1 DD
