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Echo Lecture > Ekg > Flashcards

Ekg Flashcards

1
Q

Name the nodes of the heart

A

SA node, AV Node, Bundle of Hiss L and R, purkinje fibers

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2
Q

Name the internodal pathways

A
  • Right atrium: anterior, middle, posterior
  • Left atrium: Bachmanns bundle
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3
Q

What is the SinoAtrial node

A
  • located at the RA wall
  • has highest degree of automaticity
  • native pacemaker of the heart
  • initiates contraction
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4
Q

What is the AV Node

A
  • the node between the atrium and ventricles
  • impulse slows for .05 seconds to allow for ventricular filling in diastole
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5
Q

What are the purkinje fibers

A
  • penetrate into the L and R ventricles
  • rapidly conducts action potentials to ventricles, creating contraction
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6
Q

What does the P wave represent on ekg

A

The p wave represents atrial depolarization/contraction

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7
Q

What does the QRS complex represent

A

Ventricular depolarization/contraction

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8
Q

What is the R-R interval

A

1 cardiac cycle

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9
Q

What does T wave represent

A

T wave represents ventricular depolarization/end diastole

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10
Q

What is the PR interval

A

-from beginning of P wave -> onset of QRS complex
- normal duration is < 200 Msec

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11
Q

Normal QRS complex

A
  • onset of QRS; Q wave -> end of R wave
  • increased QRS timing is signs of Bundle branch block
  • NL time: < 110 msec
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12
Q

What do
You call abnormal heart rhythms?

A

Arrhythmias

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13
Q

What are the Cells of the heart

A

Cardiomyocytes

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14
Q

What are the specialized functions of cardiomyocytes

A
  • automaticity: ability to beat on its own
  • excitable: accept and respond to electrical impulses
  • conductive: can transfer electrical signals to other cardiac cells
  • contractible: cells can contract in response to electrical impulses
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15
Q

What are the 3 phases of ventricular systole

A

1) isovolumic contraction timing
2) rapid ejection
3) reduced ejection

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16
Q

Need to know about IVCT

A
  • begins at AV valve closure (end-diastole) and continues until SL valve opening (beginning of systole)
  • ventricular volume is at its greatest due to ventricles filling
17
Q

What happens during rapid ejection?

A
  • SL valves are open
  • Rapid ejection of blood occurs
  • ventricular pressure rapidly increases
  • ventricular volume rapidly decreases (ejected out of vent)
18
Q

What happens during reduced ejection

A
  • ventricular pressure rapidly decreases
  • ventricle repolarizes (end systole)
19
Q

What is normal sinus rhythm

A

When there is all waves formed at normal values

20
Q

What is respiratory sinus rhythm

A

Your heart rate increases during inspiration and decreases during expiration

21
Q

What will you see on a respiratory sinus arrhythmia ekg

A

The length of the cardiac cycle (R-R) will increase during inspiration

22
Q

What is sinus bradycardia

A
  • slow beating heart
  • HR is < 60
23
Q

What will you see on Doppler during sinus bradycardia

A
  • HR < 60
  • PR interval will be normal; A wave and A * velocity terminate on the R wave
  • diastole is prolonged, especially diastasis (seen on mv inflow and TdI
24
Q

What is sinus tachycardia

A
  • HR > 100
25
Q

What will you see on Doppler during sinus tachycardia

A
  • PR is normal < 200 msec
  • no variation on R-R
  • Shortened diastole due to increased HR
  • E and A waves can merge due to HR increase
26
Q

What is premature ventricular contraction (PVC)

A
  • known as extra systole or “skipping a beat”
  • the heartbeat is initiated by outline fibers rather than SA node
27
Q

What to look for on ekg for premature ventricular contraction

A
  • R wave won’t form after T wave
28
Q

What is first degree AV block

A
  • first stage of heart block
  • a disease of the electrical conduction system in which the PR interval is lengthened beyond 200 msec

Echo Lecture (2 decks)

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