Week 7 Ice, Oceans, Atmosphere (10/8-10/10)

Question 1

why are corals white?

Answer 1

expel symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae

Question 2

What are corals?

Answer 2

animals

Question 3

Describe the symbiotic relationship between coral and zooxanthellae.

Answer 3

• Corals provide a home, CO2, and nutrients to the algae
• Algae feed the corals with their dead bodies

Question 4

Why do coral expel zooxanthellae?

Answer 4

they get stressed out when the water is too warm to avoid excessive accumulation of damaged algal cells

Question 5

How do we characterize waves?

Answer 5

wavelength and amplitude

Question 6

How do we calculate wave velocity for deep water?

Answer 6

wavelength (length)*frequency (per time)
*dependent on wavelength

Question 7

What affects wave height?

Answer 7

farther waves travel when pushed by wind the bigger they get
*fetch

Question 8

What is fetch?

Answer 8

• How far waves have to build

Question 9

How do waves move?

Answer 9

• circular orbit

Question 10

What happens to wave in shallow water?

Answer 10

• slows down
• amplitude increases 1/7 too tall compared to the wavelength causing it to break (to conserve energy)
• circular orbit hits the bottom causing friction
• wavelength shortens

Question 11

Why is it 1/7?

Answer 11

• density of water
• gravitational strength
• water viscosity

Question 12

What controls tides?

Answer 12

gravitational pull of other things

Question 13

What does gravity do?

Answer 13

it only attracts

Question 14

What are spring tides?

Answer 14

When the sun, moon, and earth are aligned in a straight line

Question 15

What are neep tides?

Answer 15

When the moon and sun form a right angle with the earth

Question 16

When is high tide during a full moon?

Answer 16

18:00 10/10

Question 17

What is a barrier island?

Answer 17

-protects mainland from storms, surges, and waves that would otherwise inundated ecosystems

Question 18

How does a barrier island protect?

Answer 18

big waves from a storm wash over island and settle on the bay side taking sediment from one side to the other (over wash process)

Question 19

How are barrier islands maintained?

Answer 19

• sediment supple
• wind energy
• waves that push sediment up and down
• currents, longshore drift (sediments move along island)

Question 20

How is sea level rise affecting barrier islands?

Question 21

25:45

Question 22

How does longshore drift occur?

Answer 22

• when waves come in at an angle and leave in a straight line
• swash & backwash
• when it reaches the end of the island it deposits sediment creating a curved tip

Question 23

What are groins?

Answer 23

• prevent longshore drift
• sand builds (accretion) on one side (updrift) and gets eroded on the other (downdrift)
• form triangle beaches

Question 24

What do sea walls do?

Answer 24

• destroy beaches by reflecting wave energy

Question 25

What is LOICZ?

Answer 25

figure out physical and social and economic implications of land-ocean interactions