Matter Matters 9/3 Tuesday

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

What are some examples of matter?

Answer 2

solids, liquids, gases, plasma

Question 3

How are molecules structured in a solid

Answer 3

Organized into shapes

Question 4

How are molecules structured in liquids?

Answer 4

They touch but are loose

Question 5

How are molecules arranged in gas form?

Answer 5

Far apart and move quickly

Question 6

How are molecules arranged in plasma form?

Answer 6

charged ions (electrons stripped away) moving around

Question 7

Where and what are the noble gases?

Answer 7

Group 18
Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon

Question 8

Which group do carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and selenium belong to?

Answer 8

Nonmetals

Question 9

What are the components of an atom?

Answer 9

Nucleus (protons and neutrons), shells, electrons

Question 10

What is the difference between Oxygen 16, 17, and 18?

Answer 10

16: same number of protons and neutrons
17: one more neutron
18: two more neutrons

Question 11

What does nucleon binding energy depend on?

Answer 11

nuclear size

Question 12

Are isotopes stable?

Answer 12

Some are whiles others are not

Question 13

What does nucleus size depend on?

Answer 13

how many neutrons there are for every proton

Question 14

What are the three forms of radioactive decay?

Answer 14

Alpha, beta, and gamma

Question 15

What happens in alpha decay?

Answer 15

an atom emits a He nucleus/particle

Question 16

What is a particle composed of?

Answer 16

2 protons and 2 neutrons

Question 17

What happens in beta decay?

Answer 17

an electron and neutrino are emitted

Question 18

What happens during gamma decay?

Answer 18

a photon is emitted

Question 19

What is the half-life of uranium-238 and what do we do with that information?

Answer 19

• Age of Earth (4.5 billion)
• nuclear fission energy
• dating

Question 20

What is the half-life equation?

Answer 20

t = (ln 2)/k

Question 21

How do we measure parent and daughter now, after time has passed?

Answer 21

t = 1/k ln(1+D/N)

Question 22

Why is energy required to melt or evaporate things?

Answer 22

to break bonds or atomic associations
Ex: perspiring cools your skin

Question 23

Why is energy released when condensing or solidifying?

Answer 23

it makes bonds and associations
Ex: crystallization in magma warms the magma

Question 24

What dissolves more solids?

Answer 24

hot liquids

Question 25

What dissolves more gases?

Answer 25

cold liquids

Question 26

What dissolves more liquids?

Answer 26

hot gases

Question 27

Why do certain phases dissolve others better?

Question 28

What is a mineral?

Answer 28

- a natural, homogenous inorganic solid with specific crystal structure and chemical composition varying within particular limits - chemical compounds that form through Earth processes

Question 29

What does natural mean?

Answer 29

Found in nature

Question 30

what does homogeneous mean?

Answer 30

It cannot be broken into smaller parts and keep its identity - it is a unit cell

Question 31

What does inorganic mean?

Question 32

What does it mean to have a specific crystal structure?

Answer 32

the unit cell has an ordered atomic arrangement

Question 33

What does it mean to have a chemical composition?

Answer 33

A chemical formula can be used to describe it with substitution variations

Question 34

How many minerals have been identified on the moon?

Answer 34

about 20

Question 35

How many identified minerals does Mars have?

Answer 35

about 100

Question 36

How many minerals exist on Earth?

Answer 36

Over 5000

Question 37

What does Earth have so many minerals compared to Mars and the moon?

Question 38

What uses do minerals have?

Answer 38

- industrial - home

Question 39

What kind of importance do minerals and their distributions hold?

Answer 39

geopolitical

Question 40

What is composed of minerals?

Answer 40

rocks

Question 41

What do rocks provide for Earth and the Solar System? How?

Answer 41

record of history by dating minerals

Question 42

How do we get the Solar System's history?

Answer 42

- with meteorites - rocky planets

Question 43

Which specific industries use minerals?

Answer 43

construction, metallurgy, chemical, agriculture, glass and ceramics, fillers and extenders, energy, environmental, pharmaceutical, drug, cosmetic, and food additives

Question 44

What are the environmental impacts of extracting minerals?

Answer 44

- mining wastes leach into water supplies - extraction destroys habitats and creates noise pollution - processing plants release toxic chemicals into airways and waterways -

Question 45

What is the unit cell?

Question 46

What is a crystalline solid/crystal?

Answer 46

A unit cell with a repetitive 3-D pattern

Question 47

What physical properties do we note from crystalline structure and bonding?

Answer 47

- hardness - crystal form - cleavage - density

Question 48

How do large minerals form?

Answer 48

from slow cooling

Question 49

What are the two most abundant elements found in the Earth's crust?

Answer 49

Oxygen (46.6) and silicon (27.7)