Week 7- Hematological Conditions Flashcards
-Premature accelerated destruction of erythrocytes leading to anemia
-elevated levels of erythropoietin
hemolytic anemia
Hemolysis
destruction of RBCs
in hemolytic anemia where does Hemolysis take palce
occurs within blood vessels (intravascular) or lymphoid tissues (extravascular) that filter blood—that is, spleen and liver.
Hemolytic Anemia sxs
shortness of breath, weakness, fatigue, arrhythmias such as tachycardia, or can present asymptomatic, jaundice
Important markers of hemalytic anemia
-Jaundice
-Bilirubin - High
-Abnormal RBC
-Large numbers of immature RBCs…
-Reticulocyte count - Elevated
-Hb, Hct - LOW
-MCV - Normal
-Ferritin, Transferrin, TIBC - Normal
when heme destruction exceeds the liver’s ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin.
jaundice
an immunology laboratory procedure used to detect the presence of antibodies against circulating red blood cells (RBCs) in the body, which then induce hemolysis
Coomb’s Test
Polycythemia vera (PV)
-overproduction of red blood cells
-known as chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPDs).
PV s/s
-enlarged spleen, frequently with abdominal pain and discomfort
-increase blood viscosity
-leads to a hypercoagulable state with formation of venous and arterial thrombosis and vessel occlusion.
Clinical Manifestations Polycythemia vera (PV)
-Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly
-development of intense, painful itching that is intensified by heat or exposure to water (aquagenic pruritus)
Polycythemia vera (PV) lab markers
-RBCs increased
-WBC, Platelets - possibly increased
-Hb, Hct - significantly increased
Polycythemia vera (PV)
-theraputic phlobatomy
-initally blood draw 2-3 times a week, then less
leukopenia
deficiencies in the quality and quantity of leukocytes
-always abnormal
-defined as an absolute blood cell count less than 4000 cells/mm3
leukocytosis
increased leukocytes
-can be normal in response to infection
Granulocytosis
An increase in number of the granulocytes:
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Neutrophilia
-increased neutrophils
-occurs in the early stages of infection or inflammation
-Premature release of the immature white cells is responsible for the phenomenon known as a shift-to-the-left or leukemoid reaction.
Neutropenia
-reduction neutrophils
-A reduction in the number of neutrophils can occur in severe, prolonged infections when production of granulocytes cannot keep up with demand.
-S/Sx’s include recurrent and persistent life-threatening infection (particularly of the respiratory system) leading to septicemia, general malaise, fever, tachycardia, and ulcers in the mouth and colon.
Eosinophilia
-increase in eosinophils
-Allergic disorders (type I hypersensitivity) associated with asthma, hay fever, and drug reactions, as well as parasitic infections (particularly with metazoal parasites) are often cited as causes
Basophilia
-increase in circulating numbers of basophils
-response to inflammation and immediate hypersensitivity reactions
-basophils contain histamine released during allergic reaction
Lymphocytosis is rare in acute bacterial infections and occurs most commonly in
acute viral infections,
penia suffix
decrease of cell
Hemostasis
process to stop bleeding
platelet count less than 150,000 platelets/μL of blood
Thrombocytopenia
Signs/symptoms - bleeding caused by thrombocytopenia characteristically demonstrates poorly healing wounds, nosebleeds (epistaxis), gingival bleeding, petechiae, nonpalpable purpura, and ecchymosis
Thrombocytopenia
