Week 7- Hematological Conditions

Question 1

-Premature accelerated destruction of erythrocytes leading to anemia
-elevated levels of erythropoietin

Answer 1

hemolytic anemia

Question 1

Hemolysis

Answer 1

destruction of RBCs

Question 2

in hemolytic anemia where does Hemolysis take palce

Answer 2

occurs within blood vessels (intravascular) or lymphoid tissues (extravascular) that filter blood—that is, spleen and liver.

Question 3

Hemolytic Anemia sxs

Answer 3

shortness of breath, weakness, fatigue, arrhythmias such as tachycardia, or can present asymptomatic, jaundice

Question 4

Important markers of hemalytic anemia

Answer 4

-Jaundice
-Bilirubin - High
-Abnormal RBC
-Large numbers of immature RBCs…
-Reticulocyte count - Elevated
-Hb, Hct - LOW
-MCV - Normal
-Ferritin, Transferrin, TIBC - Normal

Question 5

when heme destruction exceeds the liver’s ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin.

Answer 5

jaundice

Question 6

an immunology laboratory procedure used to detect the presence of antibodies against circulating red blood cells (RBCs) in the body, which then induce hemolysis

Answer 6

Coomb’s Test

Question 7

Polycythemia vera (PV)

Answer 7

-overproduction of red blood cells
-known as chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPDs).

Question 8

PV s/s

Answer 8

-enlarged spleen, frequently with abdominal pain and discomfort
-increase blood viscosity
-leads to a hypercoagulable state with formation of venous and arterial thrombosis and vessel occlusion.

Question 9

Clinical Manifestations Polycythemia vera (PV)

Answer 9

-Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly
-development of intense, painful itching that is intensified by heat or exposure to water (aquagenic pruritus)

Question 10

Polycythemia vera (PV) lab markers

Answer 10

-RBCs increased
-WBC, Platelets - possibly increased
-Hb, Hct - significantly increased

Question 11

Polycythemia vera (PV)

Answer 11

-theraputic phlobatomy
-initally blood draw 2-3 times a week, then less

Question 12

leukopenia

Answer 12

deficiencies in the quality and quantity of leukocytes
-always abnormal
-defined as an absolute blood cell count less than 4000 cells/mm3

Question 13

leukocytosis

Answer 13

increased leukocytes
-can be normal in response to infection

Question 14

Granulocytosis

Answer 14

An increase in number of the granulocytes:
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 15

Neutrophilia

Answer 15

-increased neutrophils
-occurs in the early stages of infection or inflammation
-Premature release of the immature white cells is responsible for the phenomenon known as a shift-to-the-left or leukemoid reaction.

Question 16

Neutropenia

Answer 16

-reduction neutrophils
-A reduction in the number of neutrophils can occur in severe, prolonged infections when production of granulocytes cannot keep up with demand.

-S/Sx’s include recurrent and persistent life-threatening infection (particularly of the respiratory system) leading to septicemia, general malaise, fever, tachycardia, and ulcers in the mouth and colon.

Question 17

Eosinophilia

Answer 17

-increase in eosinophils
-Allergic disorders (type I hypersensitivity) associated with asthma, hay fever, and drug reactions, as well as parasitic infections (particularly with metazoal parasites) are often cited as causes

Question 18

Basophilia

Answer 18

-increase in circulating numbers of basophils
-response to inflammation and immediate hypersensitivity reactions
-basophils contain histamine released during allergic reaction

Question 19

Lymphocytosis is rare in acute bacterial infections and occurs most commonly in

Answer 19

acute viral infections,

Question 20

penia suffix

Answer 20

decrease of cell

Question 21

Hemostasis

Answer 21

process to stop bleeding

Question 22

platelet count less than 150,000 platelets/μL of blood

Answer 22

Thrombocytopenia

Question 23

Signs/symptoms - bleeding caused by thrombocytopenia characteristically demonstrates poorly healing wounds, nosebleeds (epistaxis), gingival bleeding, petechiae, nonpalpable purpura, and ecchymosis

Answer 23

Thrombocytopenia

Question 24

Spontaneous bleeding, which is a hallmark of the disease, occurs in the joints in 70% to 80% of the episodes
-most common site= ankel

Answer 24

-Hemophilia

Question 25

Hereditary Hemochromatosis

Answer 25

Iron overload
-increased gastrointestinal iron absorption with subsequent tissue iron deposition
-Cirrhosis is a late-stage development of HH that can shorten life expectancy
-bronzed skin
-elevations in serum iron levels, transferrin saturation, and ferritin levels.
-theraputic phlebotomy