Respiratory System

Question 1

Part of upper airway

Answer 1

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and related structures

Question 2

Lower Respiratory Airways

Answer 2

trachea, larynx to the bronchi, the conducting airways of the lungs

Question 3

epithelial lining of the bronchi contains single-celled exocrine glands—the mucus-secreting goblet cells—and ciliated cells.

Answer 3

epithelial lining of the bronchi contains single-celled exocrine glands—the mucus-secreting goblet cells—and ciliated cells.

Question 4

is carbon dioxide acidic?

Answer 4

YES

Question 5

primary gas-exchange units of the lung, where oxygen enters the blood and CO2 is removed

Answer 5

alveoli

Question 6

The mechanical movement of gas or air into and out of the lungs

Answer 6

ventilation

Question 7

normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is

Answer 7

12 to 20 breaths per minute

Question 8

_________- monitor pH, PaCO2 , and PaO2

Answer 8

Chemoreceptors

Question 9

airway resistance is normally high or low

Answer 9

very low

Question 10

bronchi constriction and dilation relates to para and sympathetic systems

Answer 10

bronchoconstriction= parasympathetic
-at rest don’t need excess oxygen capacity
bronchodialation=sympathetic
-need the extra oxygen capacity to run

Question 11

A subjective experience of breathing discomfort.

Answer 11

dyspnea

-breathlessness, air hunger, shortness of breath, increased work of breathing, chest tightness, and preoccupation with breathing.

Question 12

dyspnea that occurs when an individual lies flat and is common in individuals with heart failure

Answer 12

orthopnea

Question 13

acute cough resolves within how many weeks

Answer 13

2-3 weeks

Question 14

chronic cough is defined as how many weeks

Answer 14

3 weeks

Question 15

Hemoptysis

Answer 15

coughing up blood

Question 16

Blood that is coughed up is usually bright red, has an alkaline pH, and is mixed with frothy sputum. Blood that is vomited is dark, has an acidic pH, and is mixed with food particles.

Answer 16

Blood that is coughed up is usually bright red, has an alkaline pH, and is mixed with frothy sputum. Blood that is vomited is dark, has an acidic pH, and is mixed with food particles.

Question 17

major muscles of inspiration

Answer 17

-diaphgram
-intercostals

Question 18

accessory muscles of inspiration

Answer 18

-SCM
-scalene

Question 19

There are no major muscles of expiration because normal, relaxed expiration is
passive and requires no muscular effort

Answer 19

There are no major muscles of expiration because normal, relaxed expiration is
passive and requires no muscular effort

Question 20

accessory muscles of expiration

Answer 20

-abdomincal and intercostal muscles
-during coughing/ airway obstruction– abnormal

Question 21

hypercapnia

Answer 21

too much carbon dioxide
-caused by Hypoventilation

Question 22

most common pain caused by pulmonary disease and is usually sharp or stabbing in character

Answer 22

pleural pain
-localized pain
-unique breath sound called a pleural friction rub may be heard over the painful area.

Question 23

Spirometry

Answer 23

Used to measure forced expiration, which often is affected by diffuse pulmonary disease.
-restrective or obstructive deficit assessment

Question 25

presence of air or gas in the pleural space caused by a rupture in the visceral pleura (which surrounds the lungs)

Answer 25

Pneumothorax

Question 26

primary cause of spontaneous pneumothorax

Answer 26

spontaneous rupture of blebs (blister-like formations) on the visceral pleura

Question 27

Open/Communicating Pneumothorax

Answer 27

air pressure in the pleural space equals barometric pressure -not as seripoius

Question 28

Tension pneumothorax

Answer 28

the site of pleural rupture acts as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration, but preventing its escape by closing during expiration -life threatening

Question 29

pneumo sxs

Answer 29

Sudden pleural pain, tachypnea, and possibly mild dyspnea

Question 30

chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchial mucosa that causes bronchial hyperresponsiveness, constriction of the airways, and variable airflow obstruction that is reversible.

Answer 30

asthma

Question 31

Early asthmatic response

Answer 31

Tissue injury, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, impaired mucociliary clearance, bronchoconstriction

Question 32

Late asthmatic response

Answer 32

Begins 4-8 hours after early response. More bronchospasm, tissue edema and mucus secretion with obstruction to outflow. Smooth muscle contraction and continued increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness

Question 33

Management of the acute asthma

Answer 33

immediate administration of oxygen and inhaled beta-agonist bronchodilators (rescue inhaler)

Question 34

Airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. Usually progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to noxious particles or gases.

Answer 34

COPD

Question 35

2 subcategories of COPD

Answer 35

1. chronic bronchitis 2. emphysema

Question 36

Hypersecretion of mucus chronic productive cough at least 3 months of the year (usually the winter months) for at least 2 consecutive years.

Answer 36

chronic bronchitis

Question 37

productive cough and sputum is a sx of emphysema or chronic bronchitis

Answer 37

chronic bronchitis

Question 38

Primary emphysema

Answer 38

-1% to 3% of all cases -linked to an inherited deficiency of the enzyme alpha 1 -antitrypsin

Question 39

Secondary emphysema is caused by inhalation of

Answer 39

cigarette smoke

Question 40

Dyspnea on exertion that later progresses to marked dyspnea, even at rest, is the most common symptom of emphysema Little coughing and very little sputum are produced.

Answer 40

emphysema

Question 41

An infection of the lower respiratory tract caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, or parasites.

Answer 41

Pneumonia

Question 42

issues with pneumonia

Answer 42

1) damages bronchial mucous membranes and alveolocapillary membranes 2) causes the acini and terminal bronchioles to fill with infectious debris and exudate.

Question 43

Pneumococcal pneumonia - caused by

Answer 43

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 44

the most common viral cause of pneumonia.

Answer 44

influenza virus

Question 45

pneumonia sxs

Answer 45

-acute fever, chills, cough -fatigue, anorexia, and pleuritic chest pain

Question 46

vast majority of cases of acute bronchitis are caused by

Answer 46

viruses.

Question 47

in acute bronchitis physical examination does not reveal signs of pulmonary consolidation and chest radiographs do not show infiltrates.

Answer 47

physical examination does not reveal signs of pulmonary consolidation and chest radiographs do not show infiltrates.

Question 48

Viral bronchitis usually have a nonproductive cough that occurs in paroxysms and is aggravated by cold, dry, or dusty air

Answer 48

Viral bronchitis usually have a nonproductive cough that occurs in paroxysms and is aggravated by cold, dry, or dusty air

Question 49

Bacterial bronchitis - productive cough, fever, and pain behind the sternum (breast bone) that is aggravated by coughing

Answer 49

Bacterial bronchitis - productive cough, fever, and pain behind the sternum (breast bone) that is aggravated by coughing

Question 50

bacterial bronchitis has a productive cough viral bronchitis= non productive cough