Week 7 - Global Health

Question 1

Malnutrition

Answer 1

• Nearly every country suffers from malnutrition
• 2-3 billion people are malnourished
  Can be:
• Over nutrition
• Under nutrition
• Micronutrient deficiency

Question 2

Overnutrition

Answer 2

• Over consumption of nutrients and food to the point at which is adversely affected
• Affects both developed and developing countries
• Obesogenic environment spreading to other nations
• Income inequality seen
• Increasing numbers of poor people overweight due to high caloric foods

Question 3

Undernutrition definition

Answer 3

Lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough food or not eating enough food containing substances necessary for growth and health

Question 4

Malnutrition definition

Answer 4

Lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat

Question 5

Overnutrition definition

Answer 5

The overconsumption of nutrients and food to the point to the point at which health is adversely affected

Question 6

Hunger

Answer 6

A feeling of discomfort or weakness caused by lack of food, coupled with the desire to eat

Question 7

Protein-energy malnutrition

Answer 7

A form of malnutrition that isdefinedas a range of pathological conditions arising from coincident lack of dietaryprotein and/orenergy(calories) in varying proportions

Question 8

Deficiency

Answer 8

An inadequate supply of essential nutrients (asvitaminsand minerals) in the diet resulting in malnutrition or disease

Question 9

Worldwide childhood overweight and obesity

Answer 9

• Serious public health challenge in 21st century
• 42 million children worldwide under 5 years overweight in 2016
• Almost half of all overweight children under 5 lived in Asia and one quarter lived in Africa

Question 10

Child obesity through a lifetime

Answer 10

• Tracks through adolescence and adulthood
• More likely to develop chronic health conditions
• Overweight/obesity and related disease are largely preventable
• Preventing childhood obesity is a high priority

Question 11

Consequences of childhood obesity

Answer 11

Immediate effects
- Risk factors for CVD
- Pre diabetes
- Greater risk of bone and joint issues, sleep apnoea, social/psychological problems
Long term effects
- At risk of adult health problems

Question 12

Cardiovascular disease

Answer 12

• 17.3 million deaths from CVD
• 30% of all global deaths
• Approximately half from stroke and half from CHD
• Large percentage of these due to smoking tobacco, low levels of PA, obesity and unhealthy diets
• Early detection needed for those at high risk

Question 13

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 13

• 387 million people had diabetes in 2015
• 90% of those have type 2
• Caused 5.1 million deaths in 2013
• Is preventable
• Prevalence has increased globally
• Highest prevalence in the 45-64 age group

Question 14

Cancer

Answer 14

• Second leading cause of death globally, and is responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018
• 1 in 6 deaths is due to cancer
• 1 third of deaths from cancer are due to 5 leading behavioural and dietary risks; high BMI, low vegetable and fruit intake, lack of physical activity, tobacco use and alcohol use
• Most common cancers in men; lung, prostate, colorectal, stomach, liver
• Most common cancers in women; breast, colorectal, lung, cervix, thyroid

Question 15

Can an obese person have nutritional deficiencies?

Answer 15

• It is quite possible to have over nutrition and nutrient deficiencies in the same person
• Can have high energy intake but inadequate micronutrient intake
• Important concept is nutrient density
• Some foods have lots of energy but few micronutrients
• Other foods are much richer in micronutrients